Trauma Lecture 4

Question 1

perfusion

Answer 1

delivery of oxygen, removal of carbon dioxide
* properly beating heart
* adequate transport medium (blood and hemoglobin)
* an intact functioning vessel system

Question 2

hypoperfusion

Answer 2

widespread inadequate tissue perfusion

Question 3

hypovolemic shock

Answer 3

• inadequate amount of fluid or volume
• hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic
• bleeding, burns, dehydration

Question 4

distributive shock

Answer 4

• widespread dilation of blood vessels

Question 5

types of distributive shock

Answer 5

• septic
• neurogenic
• anaphylactic
• psychogenic

Question 6

septic shock

Answer 6

• severe infection
• toxins destroy the vessel wall
• capillary permeability
• reduced intravascular fluid

Question 7

neurogenic shock

Answer 7

• loss of control of the muscular tone of the blood vessels
• high spinal cord injury
• perfusion to organs decreases
• normal or slow heart rate
• warm skin
• lack of sweating below the injury

Question 8

anaphylactic shock

Answer 8

• widespread vascular dilation
• increased vascular permeability
• bronchoconstriction
• stridor
• urticaria, edema, itching

Question 9

psychogenic shock

Answer 9

• temporary vasodilation
• syncope

Question 10

cardiogenic shock

Answer 10

• heart failure (pump problem)
• no longer maintain sufficient output

Question 11

obstructive shock

Answer 11

• cardiac tamponade
• pulmonary embolism
• tension pneumothorax

Question 12

stages of shock

Answer 12

• compensated
• decompensated

Question 13

compensated shock

Answer 13

body is able to compensate and maintain tissue perfusion

Question 14

decompensated shock

Answer 14

body begins to lose its ability to compensate inadequate perfusion begins

Question 15

symptoms of compensated shock

Answer 15

• anxious
• cool, pale, moist skin
• normotensive
• normal to slighty elevated pulse
• normal to slightly elevated respirations

Question 16

symptoms of decompensated shock

Answer 16

• lethargic, combative, altered, unconcious
• cool, pale, diaphoretic skin
• blood pressure begins to drop
• weak, rapid pulse
• rapid, shallow breathing

Question 17

mean arterial pressure (M.A.P)

Answer 17

• average pressure during cardiac cycle
• true perfusion

Question 18

normal M.A.P

Answer 18

70 - 100 mmHg

Question 19

M.A.P indicating organ death

Answer 19

less than 60 mmHg

Question 20

shock management

Answer 20

1. position (supine)
2. oxygen
3. warm
4. rapid transport