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EMT Class > Respiratory Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Respiratory Lecture 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the pathway of oxygen as it enters the body and gets to the alveoli (upper airway).

A
  1. nares/buccal
  2. nasopharynx/oropharynx
  3. epiglottis
  4. larynx
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2
Q

Function of the epiglottis.

A

prevents food from entering the trachea

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3
Q

Function of the larynx.

A

contains the vocal cords and glottic opening

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4
Q

Function of the glottic opening.

A

connects the upper airway to the lower airway

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5
Q

Describe the pathway of oxygen as it enters the body and gets to the alveoli (lower airway).

A
  1. trachea
  2. bronchus
  3. bronchiole
  4. alveolus
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6
Q

Function of alveolus.

A

functional unit of the respiratory system

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7
Q

Define the process of diffusion where it occurs in the lungs.

A

Diffusion is the exchange of oxygen between the alveoli and capillaries:
1. Oxygen diffuses into the blood
2. Carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveoli

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8
Q

List the steps of the primary assessment.

A
  1. General Impression
  2. AVPU
  3. Loss of consciousness
  4. ABCD
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9
Q

Pertinent findings in AVPU.

A
  1. alert
  2. verbal
  3. pain
  4. unresponsive
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10
Q

Pertinent findings in loss of consciousness.

A
  1. name
  2. location
  3. time
  4. event
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11
Q

Pertinent findings in ABCD.

A
  1. airway: open/ patent
  2. breathing: respiratory rate (normal, regular, unlabored), lung sounds (clear, bilateral)
  3. circulatory: heart rate (normal, regular, strong), skin (pink, warm, dry)
  4. decision to transport: stable (do not transport), unstable (transport)
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12
Q

Describe which muscles are working during inhalation and exhalation.

A
  • during inhalation, the rib cage gets larger and the rib muscles contract. The diaphragm contracts, pulling the lungs.
  • during exhalation, the rib cage gets smaller and the rib muscles relax. The diaphragm relaxes, releasing the lungs.
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13
Q

Describe the role of the phrenic nerve.

A

when there is a high concentration of CO2 in the blood, chemoreceptors located in the aorta, coratids, and brain detects and sends a signal to the phrenic nerve to relay to the nervous system. Breathing will occur.

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14
Q

List the upper airway sounds and which condition would likely be heard.

A

stridor

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15
Q

List the lower airway sounds and which condition would likely be heard with each.

A
  1. wheezing
  2. cackles/rale
  3. rhonci
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16
Q

The signs and symptoms and breathing rates of a patient suffering from respiratory distress.

A
  • shortness of breath
  • 2-3 word dyspnea
  • restlessness
  • normal mental state
  • increased pulse and breathing rate
  • noisy breathing
  • retractions
  • upright and/or tripod position
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17
Q

The signs and symptoms and breathing rates of a patient suffering from respiratory failure.

A
  • rapid, shallow breaths
  • altered mental state
  • cyanosis
  • rate below 10 or above 30
18
Q

Define tidal volume.

A

the amount of air that is moved into or out of the lungs in a single breath, generally 500 mL in adults

19
Q

Define minute volume.

A

respiratory rate x tidal volume

20
Q

Define compliance.

A

ability of the alveoli to expand when air is drawn in during inhalation

21
Q

Define seesaw respirations.

A

the chest and abdominal muscles alternately contract to look like a seesaw

22
Q

List the assessment steps in START Triage and how to traige a patient.

A
  1. Assess for walking, green
  2. Assess for respirations after positioning, black
  3. Assess for respiratory rate above 30, red
  4. Assess for perfusion above 2 seconds, red
  5. Assess for altered mental status, red
  6. Assess for normal mental status, yellow
23
Q

Protective structures.

A
  • epiglottis
  • ribs and intercostal muscles
  • cilia and mucous membrane
  • visceral and parietal pleura
24
Q

Primary muscles.

A
  • diaphragm
  • intercostals
25
Q

Accessory muscles.

A
  • sternocleidomastoid and pectorals
  • trapezius
  • abdominal
26
Q

Define respiration.

A

gas exchange, and cellular diffusion

27
Q

Define tachypnea.

A

fast breathing (above 12-20 breaths per minute)

28
Q

Define bradypnea.

A

slow breathing (below 12-20 breaths per minute)

29
Q

Define inspiratory reserve volume.

A

the deepest breath you can take after a normal breath

30
Q

Define expiratory reserve volume.

A

maximum amount of air that you can forcible breathe out after a normal breath

31
Q

Define residual volume.

A

remainder of gas in the lugns after exhalation to keep lungs open

32
Q

Define vital capacity.

A

amount that can be forcibly exhaled after breathing deeply

33
Q

Define dead space.

A

portion of the respiratory system that has no alveoli, and therefore, little or not exchange of gas between air and blood occurs

34
Q

Define anatomic.

A

where gas exchange can’t occur

35
Q

Define physiological.

A

Where gas exchange should occur but doesn’t

36
Q

What is the air content during inhalation.

A
  • 74% N2
  • 21% O2
  • 0.5% H2O
  • 0.04% CO2
37
Q

What is the air content during exhalation.

A
  • 74% N2
  • 16% O2
  • 1% misc. gasses
  • 4.5% CO2
38
Q

Name of respiratory pattern.

A

Cheyne-Stokes breathing

39
Q

Name of respiratory pattern.

A

Kussmaul’s

40
Q

Name of respiratory pattern.

A

Central neurogenic hyperventilation

41
Q

Respiratory characteristics in children.

A
  • mouth, nose, and larynx are smaller and less rigid
  • tongue takes a larger proportion
  • trachea is narrower and more flexible
  • more dependent on diaphragm
  • retractions, see-saw breathing, and nasal flaring

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