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EMT Class > Cardiology Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Cardiology Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Components of the Cardiovascular System

A
  • blood (fluid)
  • blood vessels (pipes or container)
  • heart (pump)
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2
Q

Components of Blood

A
  • 45% red blood cells (erythrocytes): hemoglobin and oxygen
  • plateletes (thrombocytes): clotting
  • white blood cells (leukocytes): monocytes, basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils
  • 54% plasma: transport medium
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3
Q

Blood Volume for an Adult

A

average 4-6 liters for an adult

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4
Q

Perfusion

A

flow of oxygenated blood throughout the body and to the cells

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5
Q

Blood Distribution at Any Given Moment

A
  • 30% of the blood in your systemic circulation will be found in the arteries
  • 5% in the capillaries
  • 65% in the vein
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6
Q

Arteries

A

carry blood from the heart to all body tissues

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7
Q

Arterioles

A

smallest branches of arteries leading to the vast network of capillaries

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8
Q

Coronary Arteries

A

blood vessels that carry blood and nutrients to the heart

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9
Q

Veins

A

carry blood from the tissues to the heart

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10
Q

Venules

A

smallest branches of veins leading to the vast network of capillaries

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11
Q

Superior vena cava

A

carries blood returning from the head, neck, shoulders, and upper extremities

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12
Q

Inferior vena cava

A

carries blood returning from he abdoment, pelvis, and lower extremities

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13
Q

Valves

A

prevent backflow
* when AV valves open, semulinar valves close
* when semilunar valves open, AV valves close

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14
Q

Semilunar valves

A

located at the right and left ventricle
* aortic valve
* pulmonic valve

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15
Q

Artioventricular (AV) valves:

A

located at the right and left atrium
* mitral valve (bicuspid)
* tricuspid valve

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16
Q

Capillaries

A

small blood vessels that connect arterioles and venules; various substances pass through capillary walls, into and out of interstitial fluid, and then on to the cells

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17
Q

Diastole

A

the relaxation, or period of relaxation, of the heart, especially the ventricles

18
Q

Systole

A

the contraction, or period of contraction of the heart, especially that of ventricles

19
Q

Circumflex artery

A

one of two branches of your left main coronary artery that delivers oxygenated blood to the back and side of the heart’s left chambers

20
Q

Left anterior descending artery

A

largest coronary artery that delivers oxygenated blood to the front of the heart’s left chambers

21
Q

Left coronary artery

A

supplies blood to the left side of the heart muscle

22
Q

Right coronary artery

A

supplies blood to the right side of the heart muscle

23
Q

Preload

A

volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole (end diastolic pressure)

24
Q

Increase in Preload

A
  • hypervolemia
  • regurgitation of cardiac valves
  • heart failure
25
Q

Afterload

A

resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood

26
Q

Increased in afterload

A
  • hypertension
  • vasoconstriction
27
Q

Parasympathetic

A

decreases heart rate, relaxes heart

28
Q

Sympathetic

A

increases heart rate, induces heart

29
Q

Automaticity

A

cells can contract without nerve impulses, the heart itself can conduct

30
Q

Baroreceptors

A

receptors that detect pressure

31
Q

Sinoatrial (SA) node

A

inherent rate of 60-100/min

32
Q

Atrioventrikular (AV) node

A

inherent rate of 40-60/min

33
Q

Purkinje fibers

A

inherent rate of 20-40/min

34
Q

Stroke volume

A

amount of blood ejected by the heart in one cardiac cycle (50-100 mL)

35
Q

Cardiac output (CO)

A

amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute (stroke volume X heart rate)

36
Q

Peripheral vascular resistance (PVR)

A

resistance to blood flow due to the peripheral blood vessels (blood pressure = cardiac output X peripheral vascular resistance)

37
Q

Dysrythmia

A

inadequate heart rate

38
Q

Tachycardia

A

fast heart rate

39
Q

Bradychardia

A

slow heart rate

40
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

cholesterol and calcium build up inside the walls of the blood vessels, forming plaque, which eventually leads to a partial or complete blockage of flow

41
Q

Ischemia

A

a lack of oxygen that deprives tissues of necessary nutrients, resulting from partial or complete blockage of blood flow; potentially reversible because permanent injury has not yet occurred

42
Q

Infarction

A

death of a body tissue, usually caused by interruption of its bloody supply

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