Trauma Lecture 6

Question 1

the 8 cranial bones

Answer 1

• frontal
• sphenoid
• ethmoid
• parieta
• temporal
• occipital

Question 2

soft-tissue injury

Answer 2

scalp lacerations

Question 3

bone injuries

Answer 3

• linear skull fracture
• depressed skull fracture
• basilar skull fracture

Question 4

brain injuries

Answer 4

• traumatic brain injury
• increased intracranial pressure (ICP)
• bleeds
• concussion
• cerebral contusion

Question 5

scalp lacerations

Answer 5

• scap has a rich blood supply
• there may be more serious, deeper injuries

Question 6

types of skull fractures

Answer 6

• linear skull fracture
• depressed skull fracture
• open skull fracture

Question 7

basilar skull fracture

Answer 7

indicates significant force
* raccoon ees
* battle’s sign

Question 8

traumatic brain injuries (TBI)

Answer 8

insult to the brain capable of producing physical, intellectual, emotional, social, and vocation changes

Question 9

primary traumatic brain injuries

Answer 9

the immediate from bruising or penetrating objects

Question 10

secondary traumatic brain injuries

Answer 10

from hypoxia or lack perfusion of the brain

Question 11

coup-countrecoup injury

Answer 11

hit and counter hit from trauma

Question 12

cerebral edema

Answer 12

brain swelling

Question 13

epidural hematoma

Answer 13

• direct trauma to the brain
• arterial bleeding - quick
• lucid interval

Question 14

subdural hematoma

Answer 14

• deceleration forces
• bleeding beneath the dura
• venous bleeding - slower
• decreased LOC, slurred speech

Question 15

subarachnoid bleeding

Answer 15

• subarachnoid space - where the CSF is located
• meningeal irritation - neck rigidity, headache

Question 16

monro-kellie doctrine

Answer 16

• squeezes brain out of the cranial cavity
• increase blood and blood pressure

Question 17

signs and symptoms of increased intercranial pressure

Answer 17

• headache
• nausea and vomiting
• decreased responsiveness
• sluggish or nonreactive pupils
• cheyne-stokes respirations
• decrased pulse rate
• posturing

Question 18

herniation syndrome

Answer 18

increased intercranial pressure with brainstem herniation

Question 19

signs and symptoms of herniation syndrome

Answer 19

• hypertension
• bradycardia
• irregular respiratory pattern

Question 20

treatment for herniation syndrome

Answer 20

controlled hyperventilation
* ventilate 20 breaths per minute in adults
* capnography 30-35 mmHg

Question 21

concussion

Answer 21

• brain injury
• temporary loss or alteration in brain function without physical damage
• unconsciousness, confusion, or amnesia
• 90% of concussions do not experience a loss of consciousness

Question 22

cerebral contusion

Answer 22

• brain can sustain bruise when skull is struck
• there wil be bleeding and swelling
• increase the pressure in the skull

Question 23

complications of head injuries

Answer 23

• seizure
• assess for hypoglycemia, alcohol, drugs

Question 24

types of spinal cord injuries

Answer 24

• flexion injury
• hypextension injury
• compression fracture
• flexion-rotation injury

Question 25

signs and symptoms of spinal cord injuries

Answer 25

* pain * tenderness * weakness/numbness * paraplegia * parasthesia (pins and needles) * incontinence * priapism in males

Question 26

apply a cervical collar to blunt force trauma patients with:

Answer 26

1. altered level of consciousness 2. midline neck or back pain or deformity 3. numbness or weakness in any extremity 4. distracting injuries which impairs the patient's ability to contribute to a reliable examination

Question 27

signs and symptoms of spinal cord injuries (pediatrics)

Answer 27

* altered mental status * neck pain * numbness or motor weakness * high speed motor vehicle collision * diving injury * substantial torso injury

Question 28

helmet removal

Answer 28

* maintain a neutral inline position * assess and manage the airway * remove if concern with airway management

Question 29

facial trauma

Answer 29

priority is airway control

Question 30

neck trauma

Answer 30

4-sided occlusive dressing and bleeding control