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EMT Class > Trauma Lecture 6 > Flashcards

Trauma Lecture 6 Flashcards

1
Q

the 8 cranial bones

A
  • frontal
  • sphenoid
  • ethmoid
  • parieta
  • temporal
  • occipital
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2
Q

soft-tissue injury

A

scalp lacerations

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3
Q

bone injuries

A
  • linear skull fracture
  • depressed skull fracture
  • basilar skull fracture
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4
Q

brain injuries

A
  • traumatic brain injury
  • increased intracranial pressure (ICP)
  • bleeds
  • concussion
  • cerebral contusion
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5
Q

scalp lacerations

A
  • scap has a rich blood supply
  • there may be more serious, deeper injuries
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6
Q

types of skull fractures

A
  • linear skull fracture
  • depressed skull fracture
  • open skull fracture
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7
Q

basilar skull fracture

A

indicates significant force
* raccoon ees
* battle’s sign

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8
Q

traumatic brain injuries (TBI)

A

insult to the brain capable of producing physical, intellectual, emotional, social, and vocation changes

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9
Q

primary traumatic brain injuries

A

the immediate from bruising or penetrating objects

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10
Q

secondary traumatic brain injuries

A

from hypoxia or lack perfusion of the brain

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11
Q

coup-countrecoup injury

A

hit and counter hit from trauma

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12
Q

cerebral edema

A

brain swelling

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13
Q

epidural hematoma

A
  • direct trauma to the brain
  • arterial bleeding - quick
  • lucid interval
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14
Q

subdural hematoma

A
  • deceleration forces
  • bleeding beneath the dura
  • venous bleeding - slower
  • decreased LOC, slurred speech
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15
Q

subarachnoid bleeding

A
  • subarachnoid space - where the CSF is located
  • meningeal irritation - neck rigidity, headache
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16
Q

monro-kellie doctrine

A
  • squeezes brain out of the cranial cavity
  • increase blood and blood pressure
17
Q

signs and symptoms of increased intercranial pressure

A
  • headache
  • nausea and vomiting
  • decreased responsiveness
  • sluggish or nonreactive pupils
  • cheyne-stokes respirations
  • decrased pulse rate
  • posturing
18
Q

herniation syndrome

A

increased intercranial pressure with brainstem herniation

19
Q

signs and symptoms of herniation syndrome

A
  • hypertension
  • bradycardia
  • irregular respiratory pattern
20
Q

treatment for herniation syndrome

A

controlled hyperventilation
* ventilate 20 breaths per minute in adults
* capnography 30-35 mmHg

21
Q

concussion

A
  • brain injury
  • temporary loss or alteration in brain function without physical damage
  • unconsciousness, confusion, or amnesia
  • 90% of concussions do not experience a loss of consciousness
22
Q

cerebral contusion

A
  • brain can sustain bruise when skull is struck
  • there wil be bleeding and swelling
  • increase the pressure in the skull
23
Q

complications of head injuries

A
  • seizure
  • assess for hypoglycemia, alcohol, drugs
24
Q

types of spinal cord injuries

A
  • flexion injury
  • hypextension injury
  • compression fracture
  • flexion-rotation injury
25
Q

signs and symptoms of spinal cord injuries

A
  • pain
  • tenderness
  • weakness/numbness
  • paraplegia
  • parasthesia (pins and needles)
  • incontinence
  • priapism in males
26
Q

apply a cervical collar to blunt force trauma patients with:

A
  1. altered level of consciousness
  2. midline neck or back pain or deformity
  3. numbness or weakness in any extremity
  4. distracting injuries which impairs the patient’s ability to contribute to a reliable examination
27
Q

signs and symptoms of spinal cord injuries (pediatrics)

A
  • altered mental status
  • neck pain
  • numbness or motor weakness
  • high speed motor vehicle collision
  • diving injury
  • substantial torso injury
28
Q

helmet removal

A
  • maintain a neutral inline position
  • assess and manage the airway
  • remove if concern with airway management
29
Q

facial trauma

A

priority is airway control

30
Q

neck trauma

A

4-sided occlusive dressing and bleeding control

EMT Class (15 decks)

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