Cardiology Lecture 2

Question 1

pharmacology

Answer 1

the science of drugs

Question 2

a medication is a substance used to:

Answer 2

• prevent or treat disease
• relieve pain

Question 3

pharmacodynamics

Answer 3

a process by which medication works on the body

Question 4

agonist

Answer 4

causes stimulation of receptors

Question 5

antagonist

Answer 5

binds to a receptor and blocks other medications or chemicals

Question 6

dose

Answer 6

amount of medication given

Question 7

action

Answer 7

the therapeutic effect that a medication is expected to have on the body

Question 8

pharmacokinetics

Answer 8

actions of the body upon the medication or chemical:
* onset
* duration
* elimination
* peak

Question 9

factors affecting how medication works

Answer 9

• route of administration
• shock states

Question 10

contraindications

Answer 10

harmful effects

Question 10

unintended effects

Answer 10

undesireable but little risk to the patient

Question 11

indications

Answer 11

reasons or conditions

Question 12

untoward effects

Answer 12

harmful to the patient

Question 13

medication names

Answer 13

• generic names
• trade name
• scientific name

Question 14

enteral medications

Answer 14

enter the body through the digestive system
* oral, sublingual

Question 15

parenteral medications

Answer 15

enter the body by some other means
* intravenous, inhalation, intramuscular

Question 16

rate of sublingual

Answer 16

rapid

Question 17

rate of mouth

Answer 17

slow

Question 18

rate of inhalation

Answer 18

rapid

Question 19

rate of intranasal

Answer 19

rapid

Question 20

rate of intramuscular

Answer 20

moderate

Question 21

capsules

Answer 21

gelatin shells filled with podered or liquid medication

Question 22

tablets

Answer 22

contain other materials that are mixed with the medication and compressed

Question 23

suspension

Answer 23

a substance that does not dissolve well in liquids and will separate if it stands or is filtered

Question 24

solution

Answer 24

a liquid mixture of substances that will not separate by filtering or letting it stand * injected as IV, IM, or SC injection

Question 25

metered-dose inhalers

Answer 25

liquids or solids broken into small enough droplets or particles

Question 26

topical medications

Answer 26

applied to skin surface and affects only that area * calamine lotion * hydrocortisone cream * neosporin ointment

Question 27

transcutaneous medications

Answer 27

absorbed through the skin (transdermal)

Question 28

gels

Answer 28

semiliquid and administered in capsules or through plastic tubes * oral glucose for diabetics

Question 29

route for gases

Answer 29

delivered through a non-rebreathing mask or nasal cannula

Question 30

general steps in administering medication

Answer 30

1. administered only under authorization of medical control 2. follow rights

Question 31

rights in administering medication

Answer 31

1. right patient 2. right drug 3. right dose 4. right route 5. right time 6. right documentation

Question 32

peer-assisted administration

Answer 32

administered with partner

Question 33

patient-assisted administration

Answer 33

administered with patient

Question 34

EMT-administered medications

Answer 34

administered by the EMT

Question 35

steps to reporting an error

Answer 35

1. provide appropriate care 2. notify medical control 3. follow protocols 4. document thoroughly 5. talk with your partner, supervisor, or medical director

Question 36

aspirin

Answer 36

* action: prevents platelets from clumping, thereby decreasing formation of new clots or increasing current clots * indications: chest pain of cardiac arrest * contraindications: hypersensitivity, recent stomach bleeding * side effects: nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, bleeding

Question 37

nitrglycerin

Answer 37

* action: dilates blood vessels leading to vasodilation thus reducing myocardial oxygen demand * indication: chest pain of cardiac origin * contraindications: systolic pressure below 100 mmHg, phosphodiesterase inhibitors like Viagra used within 24 hours * side effects: headache, hypotension, nausea