Transport in animals Flashcards
why is blood transported in the body
oxygen
nutrients- glucose, amino acids, proteins, lipoproteins
temperature
what do the pulmonary arteries do
carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs
what does the aorta do
the main artery of the body; carries oxygenated blood out to the tissues. Blood pressure is at its highest in the aorta and the strongest pulse is felt here
what does the pulmonary vein do
returns oxygenated blood from the lungs. A vein from each lung join together before entering the left atrium
what does the left atrium do
receives oxygenated blood returning from the lungs. Atria have thin walls because they need only pump blood to the ventricles
what does the wall of the left ventricle do
thick and muscular because it must force blood through the arteries to all the tissues of the body
what doe sthe septum do
wall between left and right sides of the heart. This separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
what does the wall of the right ventricle do
less muscular that left ventricle because it needs only force blood along the pulmonary arteries to the lungs
what do the tendons do
tendons which are tightened to make sure that the valve does not turn inside out when the ventricle walls contract
what does the right atrium do
receives deoxygenated blood from the vena cava. The pacemaker is found in the wall of the right atrium
what does the vena cava do
the main vein of the body; returns deoxygenated blood from the head and lower body to the right atrium
what do the semilunar valves do
prevent blood running back into the ventricles when pressure falls during relaxation
what do the left atriventricular valves
when this valve is closed and the ventricle contracts, the blood must leave through the aorta
what is a cardiac cycle
a cardiac cycle is the contraction of atria and ventricle
what does the electrocardiogram do
measures electrical impulses occuring in the heart
what is the pacemaker
it is the region of the heart that receives the signal from the brain to regulate the rythm
which are the blood vessels
artery, vein, capillary
what does the artery do
carry blood away from the heart
what is the structure of the artery
thick muscle wall: to withstand high pressure
large lumen’
collagen fibres: gives electricity
what does the vein do
carry blood to the heart
what is the vein structure
large lumen
thin muscle wall
valves: to prevent backflow
what does the capillary do
smallest blood vessels- Rbc’s can only fit single file
what is the capillary structure
endothilial cells
Rbc
gaps
plasma exits via gaps- in plasma you find: minerals, oxygen and glucose
what is the lymphatic system
a transport system that runs parallel to the circulatory system but doesn’t have a pump
-flow is regulated by muscle contracts during movement
- the lymphatic system transports lymph
what are the coronary diseases
coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, deep vein thrombosis
what is the coronary heart disease
coronary artery (provides oxygen to the heart) gets blocked
- this leads to a heart attack
what is atherosclerosis
build up of plaque (liquid or cholestrol) in the blood vessel. Can also be caused by fibros tissue
what is deep vein thrombosis
clot (of blood) that is formed in the veins (in legs)
- can dislodge and travel to coronary artery or blood vessels in the brain leading to a stroke
what are the treatments for the coronary diseases
stent, statins and bypass
what is the stent treatment
wire mesh with balloon is inserted at the point of blockage. The balloon is inflated causing the mesh to open the blockage. Balloon is then renewed
what is the statins treatment
a medication and act as blood thinners
-the dual effects: a) makes blood flow faster making it easier to circumvent partial blockages
b) reduces blood clotting (thrombosis)
what is the bypass treatment
add a blood vessel to give a path around the blocked sire
-blood vessel is usually obtained from the leg or foot
what is the blood clotting process
- have an open wound
- in the blood you have soluble fibrinogen (protein), platelets and the inactive enzyme prothrombin
- when cells are damaged from the wound, clotting factors are released causing inflammation
- the clotting factors are also released from the platelets which activate pro thrombin into thrombin
- thrombin reacts with fibrinogen converting in into soluble fibrin
- fibrin creates a mesh that stops blood cells from escaping the wound
