Gas exchange and ventilation Flashcards
what is in the respiratory system
nose, nasal cavity, mouth, throat, voice box, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, pleural membrane, alveoli, diaphragm, external intercostal muscles, ribs, internal intercoastal muscles
what is the nose/mouth do
points of inhalation/exhalation
what is the nasal cavity
full of capillary beds to humidify and warm air
what is the pharynx
esophagus and trachea split
what is teh voice box
production of sounds
what is the trachea
cartillage- horse-shoe to prevent collapse to trachea
what is the bronchi
split of trachea, delievers air to each lung
what is the bronchioles
further splitting of airways
what is the alveoli
site of exchange of gas
what is teh pleural membrane
contains pleural fluid which provides lubrication for lung expansion
what is the ribs
protects all internal organs
external intercoastal muscles
contract during inhalation
internal intercoastal muscles
contract during exhalation
what are the respiratory conditions
emphysema and asthma
what is emphysema
fluid fills/ leaks into the lungs
- Pneumocytes are damaged and there is inflammation
what are causes of emphysema
smoking, particulates (coal dust, asbestos)
what is asthma
different types exist but most common is due to allergies
- is the constriction of the bronchi and bronchioles meaning less air passes through
what triggers asthma
exposure to the allergies
- dust
- panic
what is tar
a result of burning leaves / paper and will coat the alveoli
- reduced gas exchange due to longer diffusion
- contains carcinogenic chemicals
what is carbon monoxide
toxic because it binds to haemoglobin permanently
- reduced oxygen efficiency
what is nicotine
neuroactive ingredients
- addictive element
- doesn’t affect the respiratory system
-inhibits appetite (nicotine)/ opposite for THC
