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Biology Y10 and Y11 > Gas exchange and ventilation > Flashcards

Gas exchange and ventilation Flashcards

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1
Q

what is in the respiratory system

A

nose, nasal cavity, mouth, throat, voice box, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, pleural membrane, alveoli, diaphragm, external intercostal muscles, ribs, internal intercoastal muscles

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2
Q

what is the nose/mouth do

A

points of inhalation/exhalation

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3
Q

what is the nasal cavity

A

full of capillary beds to humidify and warm air

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4
Q

what is the pharynx

A

esophagus and trachea split

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5
Q

what is teh voice box

A

production of sounds

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6
Q

what is the trachea

A

cartillage- horse-shoe to prevent collapse to trachea

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7
Q

what is the bronchi

A

split of trachea, delievers air to each lung

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8
Q

what is the bronchioles

A

further splitting of airways

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9
Q

what is the alveoli

A

site of exchange of gas

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10
Q

what is teh pleural membrane

A

contains pleural fluid which provides lubrication for lung expansion

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11
Q

what is the ribs

A

protects all internal organs

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12
Q

external intercoastal muscles

A

contract during inhalation

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13
Q

internal intercoastal muscles

A

contract during exhalation

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14
Q

what are the respiratory conditions

A

emphysema and asthma

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15
Q

what is emphysema

A

fluid fills/ leaks into the lungs
- Pneumocytes are damaged and there is inflammation

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16
Q

what are causes of emphysema

A

smoking, particulates (coal dust, asbestos)

17
Q

what is asthma

A

different types exist but most common is due to allergies
- is the constriction of the bronchi and bronchioles meaning less air passes through

18
Q

what triggers asthma

A

exposure to the allergies
- dust
- panic

19
Q

what is tar

A

a result of burning leaves / paper and will coat the alveoli
- reduced gas exchange due to longer diffusion
- contains carcinogenic chemicals

20
Q

what is carbon monoxide

A

toxic because it binds to haemoglobin permanently
- reduced oxygen efficiency

21
Q

what is nicotine

A

neuroactive ingredients
- addictive element
- doesn’t affect the respiratory system
-inhibits appetite (nicotine)/ opposite for THC

Biology Y10 and Y11 (22 decks)

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