Digestive system

Question 1

what is the mouth function

Answer 1

food enters the alimentary canal. Converted to a bolus of food- produced by teeth, tongue and saliva during mastication- ready for swallowing

Question 2

what is the salivary glands function

Answer 2

three pairs, produce saliva and pour it into the mouth through salivary ducts

Question 3

what is the oesophagus function

Answer 3

muscular tube which helps food move to stomach by peristalsis

Question 4

what is the liver function

Answer 4

produces bile, which helps to neutralise acidic chyme and also emulsifies fat. Important in assimilation

Question 5

what is the gall bladder function

Answer 5

stores bile before pouring it into duodenum through the bile duct

Question 6

what is the duodenum function

Answer 6

first part of the small intestine, where semi-liquid food is mixed with pancreatic juice and bile

Question 7

what is the stomach function

Answer 7

muscular bag which stores food for a short time and mixes food with acidic digestive juices to form the creamy liquid in chyme

Question 8

what is the pancreas function

Answer 8

produces pancreatic juice (contains enzymes, mucus and hydrogencarbonate which neutralises acidic chyme) which is poured into the small intestine through the pancreatic duct

Question 9

what is the large intestine function

Answer 9

(wider than the small intestine) the colon is part of the large intestine. It reabsorbs water from gut contents also absorbs some vitamins and minerals

Question 10

what is the Ileum function

Answer 10

longest part of the small intestine, where digested food is absorbed into the blood and lymphatic system

Question 11

what is the rectum function

Answer 11

stores faeces before expelling them at a convenient time

Question 12

what is the anus function

Answer 12

exit for faeces, defaecation is controlled by two and phincters. Constipation (the inability to expel the faeces) can result if there is not enough fiber in the diet. The faeces become too dry and hard to pass easily out of the rectum

Question 13

what is the anus function

Answer 13

exit for faeces, defaecation is controlled by two and phincters. Constipation (the inability to expel the faeces) can result if there is not enough fiber in the diet. The faeces become too dry and hard to pass easily out of the rectum

Question 14

what is the mouth responsible for

Answer 14

mechanical digestion and chemical digestion

Question 15

what is mechanical digestion

Answer 15

making large food particles into smaller food particles which is done by the teeth and help of tongue

Question 16

what is chemical digestion

Answer 16

salivary glands release saliva. Saliva contains enzyme amylase that breaks down starch into maltose. Saliva also serves to moisten and soften the food particles to make swallowing easier. Food particles swallowed are called bulus

Question 17

what are the 4 types of teeth

Answer 17

incisors, canines, premolars, molars

Question 18

what are incisors for

Answer 18

they are the front teeth and are used for cutting and biting

Question 19

what are canines for

Answer 19

they are the vampire teeth. For holding and cutting

Question 20

what are premolar and molars for

Answer 20

they are the flat teeth. for chewing and crushing

Question 21

how is the tooth parted

Answer 21

the crown, the neck, the root

Question 22

what is the enamel

Answer 22

the hardest tissue in the body. produced by tooth- forming cells and made of calcium salts. once formed, enamel can’t be renewed or extended

Question 23

what is the dentine

Answer 23

forms the major part of the tooth. Harder than bone and made of calcium salts deposited on a framework of a collagen fibers. The dentine contains a series of fine canals which extend to the pulp cavity

Question 24

what is the gum

Answer 24

usually covers the junction between enamel and cement. The gums recede with age

Question 25

what is the pulp cavity

Answer 25

tooth- producing cells, blood vessels, nerve endings which can detect pain

Question 26

what is the cement

Answer 26

similar in composition to dentine but without any canals. helps anchor tooth to jaw

Question 27

what is the membrane

Answer 27

bundles of collagen fibers, anchoring the cement covering the tooth to the jaw bone. the tooth is held firmly but not rigidly. The membrane has many nerve endings which detect pressure during chewing and biting

Question 28

what is the function of the oesophagus

Answer 28

to carry food (bolus) from mouth (pharynx) to the stomach

Question 29

what is the function of the duodenum

Answer 29

part of the small intestine after the stomach that it connected to the pancreas and the bile duct

Question 30

what is the function of the liver

Answer 30

produces bile, makes large lipid particles into smaller one. This increases their surface area .

Question 31

what is the function of the gall bladder

Answer 31

stores and secretes the bile

Question 32

what is the function of the small intestine

Answer 32

finishes chemical digestion, responsible for nutrient absorption

Question 33

what are the adaptations of the small intestine for nutrient absorption

Answer 33

A) length- very long: more time to digest and absorb nutrients
B) folds and structures called villi to increase overall surface area
C) villus

Question 34

what is the function of the large intestine

Answer 34

water absorption which solidifies waste
production of vitamin K from simbiotic gut bacteria