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Biology Y10 and Y11 > Characteristics and classification of living organisms > Flashcards

Characteristics and classification of living organisms Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the requirements for life

A

Respiration, Irritability, Nourish, Growth, Excrete, Reproduce

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2
Q

What is respiration

A

Chemical reactions in cells that break down matter and release energy for metabolism. It extracts energy from nutrients.

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3
Q

What is irritability (movement)

A

Response to stimuli.

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4
Q

What is nourish

A

it’s a method of obtaining food. Taking in of materials for energy, growth and development

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5
Q

What is growth

A

A permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number or cell size or both

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6
Q

What is excrete

A

The removal of waste products of metabolism, toxic materials and substances in excess requirements from organisms. They produce waste (CO2)

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7
Q

What is reproduce

A

Process of making more of the same kind of organism. Asexual and sexual

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8
Q

what is classification

A

placing living organisms into groups

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9
Q

why is classification used

A

to better study and understand organisms

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10
Q

how is classification done

A

by morphology (characteristics), by anatomy, by genetic sequencing (DNA), by protein comparison

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11
Q

what are taxonomists

A

scientists that work in classification

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12
Q

what are the five kingdoms

A

Fungi, Prokaryotes, Protista, Plants, Animals

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13
Q

What are fungi

A

cells have a cell wall, no photosynthesis, they are decomposers (yeast,amanita)

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14
Q

What are prokaryotes

A

also bacteria, do not have nucleus

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15
Q

what are protista

A

unicellular but have a nucleus (amoeba)

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16
Q

What are plants

A

they do photosynthesis, have cell wall and are multicellular (sunflower, apple tree…)

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17
Q

what are animals

A

multicellular, cells have nuclei, are heterotrophs

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18
Q

what are mosses features

A

have stems and roots but no leaves, live in moist environment, reproduce by spores

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19
Q

what are ferns features

A

have roots, stems, complex leaves and vascular tissue, they have leaves with leaflets. Leaves are called fronds. They reproduce by spores made in structures called sporangia which are found at the underside of fronds

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20
Q

what are angiosperms features

A

they have roots, (woody/non-woody) stems, leaves and have flowers as the reproductive organ, reproduce by seeds

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21
Q

what are conifers features

A

they have roots, woody stems and needle-like leaves, they reproduce by seeds developed in cones and they make cones.

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22
Q

what are the two groups of angiosperms

A

monocotyledon and dicotyledons

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23
Q

what do the matured leaves of the monocotyledon look like

A

parallel leaves

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24
Q

what does the stem look like in the monocotyledon

A

random vascular bundles

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25
Q

what do the matured leaves of the dicotyledon look like

A

branched leaves

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26
Q

what does the stem look like in the dicotyledon

A

organized vascular bundles

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27
Q

what are invertebrate animals

A

do not have a back bone

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28
Q

what are arthropods features

A

have exoskeleton and jointed legs/segmented body

29
Q

what are arthropods features

A

have exoskeleton and jointed legs/segmented body

30
Q

what are the insect features

A

6 legs, 1 pair of antennae, segmented body (head ,thorax, abdomen), 2 pairs of wings, no lungs

31
Q

what are the arachnids features

A

8 legs, multiple eyes, have lungs, have venom, segmented (head,thorax)

32
Q

what are the crustacea features

A

10+ legs, 2 pairs of antennae, aquatic environments, have cephalphorax, pincers

33
Q

what are the myriapods features

A

20+ legs, 1 pair of antennae, many segmented parts, body covering waterproof

34
Q

what is the order of the classification of human

A

kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

35
Q

what are vertebrate animals

A

they have backbone

36
Q

what are mammals features

A

fur, give birth to young fed with milk, have mammary glands, lungs+ diaphragm, 4 limbs, internal fertilization

37
Q

what are reptiles features

A

dry skin with scales, eggs laid on land without shells, lungs, 4 legs, cold blooded, internal fertilization

38
Q

what are aves features

A

feathers, eggs laid on land, lungs, 2 wings/ 2 legs, warm blooded, internal fertilization

39
Q

what are fish features

A

wet scales, shelless eggs laid in water, gills, find, cold blooded, external fertilization

40
Q

what are amphibians features

A

smooth, moist skin, lay shelless eggs in water, lungs & skin, 4 legs, cold blooded, external fertilization, thin/slimey skin, metamorphosis

41
Q

what is in the fungi cell

A

nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, ER, mitochondria, golgi body, glycogen granule, ribosomes

42
Q

what is a cell wall also called in the fungi cell

A

chitin

43
Q

what is glycogen granule

A

glycogen is a carbohydrate used for energy storage

44
Q

how do fungi reproduce

A

by spores

45
Q

what is hetertrophic mean

A

an organism that obtains nutrients via consumption

46
Q

what are the requirements of fungi

A

too dry and warm environments prevent fungal growth, they are mostly found in moist environments in able to absorb the soluble products of digestion

47
Q

are fungi decomposers

A

they are decomposers that ingest dead organic material

48
Q

are fungi sapotrophs

A

they are sapotrophs, decomposers that secrete digestive enzymes onto organic matter and absorb the nutrients

49
Q

what is the root system of fungi

A

the mycelium is made up of branching called hyphae and penetrates throught the food source

50
Q

sapotrophic nutrition

A

dead-feeding and involves external digestion by enzymes

51
Q

what are protoctists

A

singe celled organisms that have a nucleus (eukaryotes)

52
Q

what is autotrophic

A

obtain nutrients from yourself

53
Q

what is heterotrophic

A

obtain nutrients from consuming others

54
Q

what are prokaryotes

A

single celled organism without a nucleus

55
Q

what is in the prokaryote cell

A

ribosome, plasmid, flagella, cytoplasm, pili/ fibro, chromosome/DNA, cell membrane, cell wall, capsule or slime layer

56
Q

what is the capsule

A

provides protection

57
Q

what is the cell wall

A

made of peptidoglycon

58
Q

what is the chromosone

A

circular DNA single+ circular- no proteins attached

59
Q

what is plasmid

A

small circular fragments of DNA

60
Q

what is ribosome

A

organelle that makes protein

61
Q

what is Pili/ Fibroe

A

exchange plasmids with other bacteria and/or allow bacteria to attach on surfaces (small hairs)

62
Q

what is flagella

A

allows movement (not on all cells)

63
Q

what are the behavior characteristics of bacteria

A

saprotrophs, parasitic

64
Q

what are the shapes characteristics of bacteria

A

coccus (spherical shape), bacillus (rod-like), spirillus (spiral shape)

65
Q

what are viruses

A

living yet not

66
Q

what does adenovirus mean

A

has DNA

67
Q

what does retrovirus

A

has RNA

68
Q

what does virus cells have

A

receptors, protein coat, DNA/RNA

Biology Y10 and Y11 (22 decks)

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