Nutrition

Question 1

what are the different nutrients

Answer 1

Proteins, carbohydrates (include sugars), lipids/fats, vitamins, minerals, water and nucleic acids

Question 2

what are proteins made of

Answer 2

amino acids

Question 3

what are proteins needed for

Answer 3

for protein synthesis and energy (muscle and enzymes) and in defense against disease such as antibodies

Question 4

what is the deficiency of protein

Answer 4

poor growth, muscle breakdown and eventual death

Question 5

sources of protein

Answer 5

meat, fish, eggs, legumes and pulses

Question 6

what are carbohydrates for

Answer 6

for energy (poly for long, di for short)

Question 7

example of a polysaccharide

Answer 7

starch

Question 8

example of a disaccharide

Answer 8

sucrose

Question 9

sources of carbohydrates

Answer 9

vegetable sources like wheat and potatoes

Question 10

what are lipids made of

Answer 10

triglycerides are made of glycerol and fatty acids. carbs and lipids are made from C, H, O

Question 11

what are lipids for

Answer 11

energy store and provide insulation

Question 12

sources of lipids

Answer 12

meat and animal food. Directly or excess carbs are converted by the body into fat

Question 13

what are the different types of lipids

Answer 13

saturated and unsaturated

Question 14

examples of saturated lipids

Answer 14

animal fats like butter and lard

Question 15

different unsaturated lipids

Answer 15

cis and trans

Question 16

examples of cis

Answer 16

vegetable oil

Question 17

examples of trans

Answer 17

fried oils

Question 18

what do the type of lipids cause

Answer 18

cardiovascular diseases- saturated but especially trans fats get converted (for transport) into LDL (low density lipoproteins). They are sticky and can build up plaques in smaller blood vessels. CIS fats are concentrated into HDL which do not cause plaques

Question 19

what are vitamins

Answer 19

organic molecules usually coenzymes and can also be used as precursors to vital molecule production

Question 20

fat soluble vitamins

Answer 20

vitamin D and Vitamin A

Question 21

what is Vitamin D

Answer 21

needs to be combined with Ca and UV light to be used in bone mineralization

Question 22

What is Vitamin D deficiency

Answer 22

rickets- bones are soft and may bend because vitamin D is needed for calcium absorption

Question 23

sources of vitamin D

Answer 23

dairy products

Question 24

What is Vitamin A for

Answer 24

for retina function (converts light into electrical signals when enter your eye)

Question 25

Deficiency of Vitamin A

Answer 25

night blindness and severe deficiency contributes to blindness by making the cornea very dry

Question 26

sources of vitamin A

Answer 26

carrots and oils

Question 27

water soluble vitamins

Answer 27

Vitamin C and Vitamin B

Question 28

what is vitamin C for

Answer 28

associated with the immune system, allows healthy skin/ collagen

Question 29

Deficiency of vitamin C

Answer 29

scurvy- production of collagen fibres in the body is affected

Question 30

Sources of vitamin C

Answer 30

citrus or leafy greens

Question 31

what is Vitamin B for

Answer 31

important in neurological health

Question 32

deficiency of vitamin B

Answer 32

cause neurological breakdown

Question 33

sources of vitamin B

Answer 33

meats or fish

Question 34

what are minerals

Answer 34

non-organic ions or molecules that help enzymes or other processes

Question 35

examples of minerals

Answer 35

Na- nervous system
Mg- a coenzyme
K- nervous system
Ca- bones and muscle contraction
Fe- haemoglobin/ O2 transport

Question 36

iron deficiency

Answer 36

anaemia- shortage of haemoglobin causes weakness as oxygen needed for respiration cannot be transported efficiently

Question 37

sources of iron

Answer 37

red meat and liver

Question 38

calcium deficiency

Answer 38

weak bones and teeth, poor clotting of blood, spasms

Question 39

calcium sources

Answer 39

milk, cheese and fish

Question 40

what is water for

Answer 40

water needs as the solvent for transport and chemical reactions in cells

Question 41

what is scurvy

Answer 41

vitamin C deficiency. It causes impaired immune system and weak gums/ bleeding gums

Question 42

what are rickets

Answer 42

vitamin D deficiency. It causes bow-legged and is a children disease

Question 43

what is spina-bifida

Answer 43

It is insufficient folic acid whilst pregnant and spinal cord is exposed in baby

Question 44

what is osteoporosis

Answer 44

lack of vit D and calcium. bones become more porous and break easily and is associated with menopause

Question 45

what is atherosclerosis

Answer 45

build- up of plaque in arteries . The blockage can also be caused by fibrous tissue and is associated with obesity

Question 46

what is kwashiorkor

Answer 46

insufficient nutrient diversity, proteins. You eat only 1 thing (carbs) and are skinny with swollen bellies

Question 47

what is marasmus

Answer 47

overall nutrition- lacking in all nutrients and are super skinny

Question 48

what is arthritis

Answer 48

normally an autoimmune condition and joints are swollen and hurt. This is because the cartilage in joins is destroyed

Question 49

what is high blood pressure

Answer 49

too much salt in the diet. It causes water to be drawn into blood, blood pressure rise which damages blood vessels including those in brain

Question 50

what is constipation and bowel cancer

Answer 50

too little fiber. Faeces are not passed as regularly as they should be. Bacteria can work on some of the trapped faeces and release chemicals that cause colon cancer

Question 51

what is tooth decay

Answer 51

too much acidic, sugary foods. Bacteria eats the sugar and produce acid waste which reacts with the teeth causing decay