Biological molecules and enzymes Flashcards
types of biological molecules
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
nucleotides
what is condensation
monomers join together to form large molecules by removing water
what is hydrolosis
large molecules can be split apart in a reaction by adding water
what are the different carbohydrates
monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
what are monosaccharides
single molecular sugar
-glucose
-galactose
-fructose
what are disaccharides
2 monosaccharides
-lactose
-sucrose
-maltose
whar is glucose
- broken down in respiration in most cells, to provide energy
-glucose is the form in which carbohydrates are transported in the blood of the mammals
what are fructose
-its sweetness attracts animals to eat the fruits, which helps dispense seeds
-found in nectar
what is maltose
- made of two glucose molecules linked together. Maltose is formed from starch when seeds germinate
what is sucrose
- made of one glucose and one frucrose molecule
-sucrose is the form in which carbohydrates are transported in plants
whta rae polysaccharides
mainly saccharides
-starch
-glycogen
-cellulose
what is starch
energy store in plants
whta is glucogen
energy store in animals
what is cellulose
build plant cell walls
what are the proteins
monomer, dimer, polymer
what are monomer
singular unit of a ‘‘chain polymers’’
amino acids
what are dimer
2 units i.e. monomers linked together
dipeptide
what are polymers
many monomers linked together to form a chain
polymer
what are the different lipids
monomer and dimer
what are monomers and dimer
glycerol, fatty acids x3
triglycerides
types of glycerides
saturated- no double bonds in the fatty acids
unsaturated- have double bond in fatty acids
the two types on unsaturated
unsaturated cis and trans. Healthy cis and unhealthy trans
what are the nucleotides
monomer and polymer
what are the monomers and polymers
monomer- nucleotide
polymer- DNA and RNA
what is the biuret test
test for protein using biuret reagent, specifically reacts with peptide bond
positive result purple
negative result blue
what is the iodine starch test
iodine solution
positive result blue/black
negative result orange/ brown
what is teh vitamin C test
use titration with DCPIP
positive result colourless
positive result retains colour
what is the benedicts test
to identify reducing sugars with the benedicts reagent
positive result red
negative result blue
-procedure requires heat to work
what is the emulsion test
procedure requires adding alcohol to food sample
lipids are more soluble in alcohol than water
positive result cloudy layer of alcohol
negative result clear layer
what are enzymes
biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions
enzyme reaction
starch reacts with amylase to make maltose
polypeptide reacts with pepsin to make peptides
lipid reacts with lipate to make fatty acids and glycerol
