Biological molecules and enzymes

Question 1

types of biological molecules

Answer 1

carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
nucleotides

Question 2

what is condensation

Answer 2

monomers join together to form large molecules by removing water

Question 3

what is hydrolosis

Answer 3

large molecules can be split apart in a reaction by adding water

Question 4

what are the different carbohydrates

Answer 4

monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

Question 5

what are monosaccharides

Answer 5

single molecular sugar
-glucose
-galactose
-fructose

Question 6

what are disaccharides

Answer 6

2 monosaccharides
-lactose
-sucrose
-maltose

Question 7

whar is glucose

Answer 7

• broken down in respiration in most cells, to provide energy
  -glucose is the form in which carbohydrates are transported in the blood of the mammals

Question 8

what are fructose

Answer 8

-its sweetness attracts animals to eat the fruits, which helps dispense seeds
-found in nectar

Question 9

what is maltose

Answer 9

• made of two glucose molecules linked together. Maltose is formed from starch when seeds germinate

Question 10

what is sucrose

Answer 10

• made of one glucose and one frucrose molecule
  -sucrose is the form in which carbohydrates are transported in plants

Question 11

whta rae polysaccharides

Answer 11

mainly saccharides
-starch
-glycogen
-cellulose

Question 12

what is starch

Answer 12

energy store in plants

Question 13

whta is glucogen

Answer 13

energy store in animals

Question 14

what is cellulose

Answer 14

build plant cell walls

Question 15

what are the proteins

Answer 15

monomer, dimer, polymer

Question 16

what are monomer

Answer 16

singular unit of a ‘‘chain polymers’’
amino acids

Question 17

what are dimer

Answer 17

2 units i.e. monomers linked together
dipeptide

Question 18

what are polymers

Answer 18

many monomers linked together to form a chain
polymer

Question 19

what are the different lipids

Answer 19

monomer and dimer

Question 20

what are monomers and dimer

Answer 20

glycerol, fatty acids x3
triglycerides

Question 21

types of glycerides

Answer 21

saturated- no double bonds in the fatty acids
unsaturated- have double bond in fatty acids

Question 22

the two types on unsaturated

Answer 22

unsaturated cis and trans. Healthy cis and unhealthy trans

Question 23

what are the nucleotides

Answer 23

monomer and polymer

Question 24

what are the monomers and polymers

Answer 24

monomer- nucleotide
polymer- DNA and RNA

Question 25

what is the biuret test

Answer 25

test for protein using biuret reagent, specifically reacts with peptide bond
positive result purple
negative result blue

Question 26

what is the iodine starch test

Answer 26

iodine solution
positive result blue/black
negative result orange/ brown

Question 27

what is teh vitamin C test

Answer 27

use titration with DCPIP
positive result colourless
positive result retains colour

Question 28

what is the benedicts test

Answer 28

to identify reducing sugars with the benedicts reagent
positive result red
negative result blue
-procedure requires heat to work

Question 29

what is the emulsion test

Answer 29

procedure requires adding alcohol to food sample
lipids are more soluble in alcohol than water
positive result cloudy layer of alcohol
negative result clear layer

Question 30

what are enzymes

Answer 30

biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions

Question 31

enzyme reaction

Answer 31

starch reacts with amylase to make maltose
polypeptide reacts with pepsin to make peptides
lipid reacts with lipate to make fatty acids and glycerol