Respiration

Question 1

uses of energy in living organisms

Answer 1

• muscle contraction
• protein synthesis
• cell division
• active transport
• growth
• passage of nerve impulses
• maintenance of a constant body temperature
  –respiration involves the action of enzymes in cells

Question 2

the effect of temperature on respiration in yeast

Answer 2

Carbon dioxide is released. the volume of CO2 released at different temperatures can be measured using the apparatus opposite.
! more aCO2 released when temperature increases, speeding up the reaction

Question 3

what is aerobic respiration

Answer 3

the chemical reactions in cells that use oxygen to break down nutrient molecules to release energy

Question 4

formula for aerobic respiration

Answer 4

glucose + oxygen —-> carbon dioxide + water
C6H12O6 + 6O2 —-> 6CO2 +6H2O

Question 5

what is anaerobic respiration

Answer 5

the chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules to release energy without using oxygen
– it release much less energy per glucose molecule than aerobic respiration

Question 6

anaerobic respiration in yeast

Answer 6

glucose —-> alcohol + carbon dioxide
C6H12O6 —> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

Question 7

anaerobic respiration in muscles

Answer 7

glucose —> lactic acid

Question 8

what is lactic acid

Answer 8

lactic acid builds up in muscles and blood during vigorous exercise causing an oxygen debt

Question 9

how is oxygen debt removed after exercise

Answer 9

• continuation of fast heart rate to transport lactic acid in the blood from the muscles to the liver
• continuation of deeper and faster breathing to supply oxygen for aerobic respiration of lactic acid
• aerobic respiration of lactic acid in the liver