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Semester 2 Immunology > Transplant Immunology B6 > Flashcards

Transplant Immunology B6 Flashcards

1
Q

HS 1 antibody or cell mediated? what antibody?

A

antibody IgE

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2
Q

HS 2 and HS 3 antibody or cell mediated? what antibody?

A

antibody IgG and IgM

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3
Q

HS 4 antibody or cell mediated? what antibody?

A

cell mediated, T cell driven

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4
Q

Act of transferring cells tissues or organs (GRAFT) from one individual (DONOR) to another (Recipient)

A

Transplant

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5
Q

Self tissue transferred from one body site to another in the same individual

A

Autografts

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6
Q

Tissue transferred between genetically identical individuals

A

Isograft

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7
Q

Tissue transferred between genetically different members of the same species.

A

Allograft

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8
Q

Tissue transferred between different species

A

Xenograft

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9
Q

Host vs Graft disease

A

Transplanted tissue is rejected by host

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10
Q

Graft vs host disease

A

Immunocompromised (IMPORTANT)

-Host is attacked by tranplanted T-cells

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11
Q

Every nucleated cell has ____.

A

HLA is on short arm of Chromosome 6

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12
Q

Not all HLA are equal in HLA rejection…. what are the 3?

A

HLA-A, HLA-B and

HLA-DR=MOST IMPORTANT

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13
Q

HLA-A HLA-B are what MHC?

A

MHC I

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14
Q

HLA-DR is what MHC?

A

MHC II

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15
Q

_____________ are second most common transplanted tissue in US is what? what is number 1?

A 
Cornea transplants (32,000 per year)
Blood is #1 (5,000,000 per year)
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16
Q

Cornea does not express _________.

A

HLA/MHC

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17
Q

What happens in a graft acceptance AutoGraft?

A

Chunk of tissue dropped into skin
Wait 7 days, vessels have reconnected and healing
2 weeks= total resolution, vascularization, lymphocytes and white blood cells don’t recognize anything foreign… Neutrophils come in and clean it up

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18
Q

______ are critical in transplant rejection.

A

T-cells

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19
Q

What happens in graft rejection?

A

Day 3-7 REvascularization
Day 7-10 Cellular infiltration
Day 10-14 Thrombosis and necrosis
Damaged vascularization and reject necrotic tissue

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20
Q

Why are we worried on first graft?

A

If rejected on first graft, likely to not accept on second graft.

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21
Q

_________ play central role in rejection, but cLassical cause of rejection is ________

A

Thymus (T-cells)

Lymphocytes

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22
Q

Rats devoid of thymus accept _________

A

xenografts

23
Q

Long survival of _______ in children with thymic deficiency

A

allografts

24
Q

______ and _____ cells are involved in graft rejection.

A

CD4 and CD8

25
Q

If you block CD8 alone what happens?
If you block CD4 alone what happens?
If you block CD8 and CD4 what happens?

A

Graft rejected in ~15 days (Same as control, might think CD8 doesn’t play role, but… hold on)
Graft rejected in ~30 days (CD4 plays key role)
Graft rejected in ~60 days (CD4 and CD8 are playing a role.

26
Q

When we are looking at tranplanting an organ we want to make sure what?

A

Make sure ABO compatible, (blood types compatible)

Dont want to transplant tissues that are ABO incompatible.

27
Q

These play a role in graft rejection:
Antibody-mediated cytotoxicity
Cell-mediate / Delayed type hypersensitivity

A

Type II hypersensitivity

Type IV

28
Q

Every immune reaction starts with _________.

A

sensitization

29
Q

Cell that recognizes MHC- II?

A

CD4 Traffic cop

30
Q

Cell that recognizes MHC I?

A

CD8

31
Q

During sensitization what happens?

A

donor and recipient APCs migrate from graft to stimulate activation of T lymphocytes

32
Q

In effector stage what happens?

A

Antibody mediated component, Type II antibody dependent cytotoxicity
-complement activation and cell lysis

33
Q

Cytokines released by Th cells play central role in what?

A

IL 2, IFN gamma, TNF beta

34
Q

IL-2 does what?

A

promotes T cell proliferation (CTLs)

35
Q

TNF alpha and TNF beta are ________ to tissues and play role in inflammatory response

A

cytotoxic

36
Q

IFN gamma promotes _________ response, promotes influx of macrophages. Upregulates MHC I and II to make sure they are real (IMPORTANT)

A

Delayed type hypersensitivity (HS TYPE 4)

37
Q

Hyper acute reaction is an _____________ rejection. (IMPORTANT)

A

antibody-mediated (TYPE 2 HS)

38
Q

TNF B ________ foreign cells. (IMPORTANT)

A

Lyses

39
Q

An acute rejection is an __________ rejection. (IMPORTANT)

A

Cell-mediated (Type IV)

T-cell driven

40
Q

There are antibodies to MHC/HLA if they are preexisting they can have a __________ response.

A

Hyper acute
(min to hours to days)
Pre existing antibodies to HLA
-This can happen because of previous blood transfusions (WBCs)

41
Q

Chronic rejection is a ___________ and _________ rejection. (IMPORTANT)

A

Antibody (TYPE 2 HS) and cell mediated (TYPE IV HS)

42
Q

Renal graft failure takes weeks up to 6 months…

A

Acute

43
Q

Renal graft failure takes >6 months

A

Chronic

44
Q

Mononuclear cells

A

CD4 cells

45
Q

Acute rejection happens within ______.

A

weeks

46
Q

Chronic develops _____ or ______ after transplantation.

A

months or years

47
Q

How do we test tissue typing?

A

Test for HLA through Microcytotoxicity test

48
Q

IF you have a blue circle the cell had what?

A

Cell had MHC antigen on it. Find the matched donor. Do they match ABO type?

49
Q

Which match is more important in survival of graft?

A

MHC-II

50
Q

HLA A and B are most important in which MHC class?

A

MHC-I

51
Q

HLA DR is most important in what MHC class?

A

MHC-II

52
Q

Compatibility is determined by mixing killed donor lymphocytes (MHC) with recipient lymphocytes. See if they activate when come into contact.

A

Mixed Lymph Response

53
Q

In MLR a low number means what and a high number means what?

A

Low number= patient is happy

High number= patient is not happy

54
Q

Whats the requirement for a cornea transplant?

A

nothing, no MHC

Semester 2 Immunology (17 decks)

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