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Semester 2 Immunology > Bacteria B7 > Flashcards

Bacteria B7 Flashcards

1
Q

A lot of antibody resistance is through the

A

plasmids

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2
Q

Prokaryotes don’t have a _________.

A

nucleus

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3
Q

What is used as locomotion and sensing?

A

flagella (the whip)

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4
Q

This is sugar and protein.

A

Cell wall

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5
Q

Gram positive stains _______ and is very _____ and contains teichoic acids.

A

Purple

THICK

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6
Q

Gram negative stains ________ and is very _____ and is surrounded by outer membrane (LPS/ endotoxin)

A

Red

THIN

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7
Q

________________ is a componenet of Gram positive.

A

Teichoic acid

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8
Q

Endotoxin is technically ________

A

Lipid A

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9
Q

Though the gram positive wall is thicker, the Gram negative wall has an __________.

A

Outer membrane (LPS)

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10
Q

1 cause of UTI is what?

A

E. Coli

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11
Q

What are the 3 components of LPS?

A

Outer oligosaccharide chains (O -antigen)
Core polysaccharide
Inner Lipid A (a.k.a. Endotoxin)

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12
Q

What are the effects of endotoxin?

A

Systemic Inflammation, fever, possible fatal shock

released when immune system lyses GNRs

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13
Q

Component of LPS released by lysis of GNRs and one GPR (Listeria monocytogenes)

A

Endotoxin= LIPID A

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14
Q

Bacteria in the blood can be transient. What is it called?

A

Bacteremia

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15
Q

Bacteremia + life threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection.

A

Sepsis

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16
Q

QSOFA

If they have 2 out of 3 of these questions what will the person likely have?

A

SEPSIS
Do they have altered mental status?
Are they breathing rapidly? (more than 22 breaths per min)
IS there systolic BP less than 100?

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17
Q

True/False: Endotoxin shock can be caused by gram positive or gram negative bacteria.

A

True

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18
Q

True/False: E.Coli may have pili or not.

A

True

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19
Q

Seeds for bacteria to resist harsh environments.

A

Endospores

20
Q

Naked, circular molecule of DNA

A

Nucleoid

21
Q

Additional hereditary material

A

Plasmid

22
Q

Theses synthesize proteins

A

Ribosomes

  • Bacteria 70S
  • Human 80S
23
Q

Bacteria is what S?

A

70S (50S + 30S)

24
Q

Human is what S?

A

80S (60S + 40S)

25
Q

These are organisms that prefer oxygen but can live anaerobically.

A

Facultative anaerobes

26
Q

These are organisms where oxygen is a poison.

A

Obligate anaerobes

27
Q

These are proteins released by replicating microbes.

A

Exotoxins

28
Q

These are non-protein released when gram-negative organisms die… causes fever, inflammation, possible shock

A

Endotoxin= LPS/Lipid A

29
Q

Enterotoxins are what kind of toxin? what do they do?

A

Exotoxins

-cause osmotic diarrhea by causing salt to be actively secreted or not reabsorbed.

30
Q

These stimulate pro-inflammatory cytokine response.

A

Pyrogenic exotoxins

Pge 2, IL2, IL6

31
Q

most common causes of cold?

A

Rhino viruses and corona viruses

picture a rhino with the cold holding a corona beer

32
Q

True/False: There are almost as many bacteria in the mouth as the gut.

A

True

33
Q

Staph Epidermidis is what?

A

Coag negative staph

34
Q

Differential agar

A

look different, visual clues to identification

35
Q

Blood agar

A

Hemolysis (differential)

36
Q

Incomplete RBC lysis

A

Alpha

37
Q

Complet RBC lysis

A

Beta

38
Q

Beta blood agar plate examples

A

Str. pyogenes, Group A strep

39
Q

If bacteria is growing on mannitol salt it is what? Turns yellow?

A

S. Aureus (to confirm do catalase test, if positive staph, if coag neg its staph epi)

40
Q

Macconkeys: If it turned purple?

A 
E. coli until proven otherwise!
KEE!!!!!!!!! (also lactose fermenters) (important)
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Enterobacter cloacae
E. Coli
41
Q

Macconkeys grows what?

A

selects for Gram negative rods

42
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is what?

A

oxidase +

43
Q

This catalyzes conversion of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water.

A

Catalase

44
Q

Which one, staph or strep cause bubbles?

A

Staph causes bubbles

Strep does not

45
Q

This differentiates Sta. aureus and Coag Neg staph…. (coag neg staph don’t produce this, but aureus does)

A

Coagulase

46
Q

Bacitracin GAS is what?

GBS is what?

A

GAS: Sensitive
GBS: Resistant

47
Q

Strep bovis causes endocarditis… almost every time the first test is what?

A

colonoscopy (strep bovis)

-perforated colon cancer (80% chance)

Semester 2 Immunology (17 decks)

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