Immune Tolerance B6

Question 1

Specific immunological unresponsiveness triggered by previous exposure to a specific antigen

Answer 1

Tolerance (lack of immunological response)

Question 2

Antigens that induce tolerance

Answer 2

Tolerogens

Question 3

Tolerance is _______________ and results from the recognition of antigens by specific lymphocytes.

Answer 3

antigenic specific

Question 4

Normal individuals show _____________ (tolerant of self antigens)

Answer 4

self-tolerance

Question 5

Foreign antigens may be administered in ways that preferentially inhibit immune response by inducing tolerance in specific lymphocytes

Answer 5

Antigen induction

Question 6

Tolerance is _________ specific

Answer 6

antigen

Question 7

Tolerance can exist in ________________.

Answer 7

B cells, T cells or both

Question 8

ANy condition in which there is a deficiency or inability to mount a humoral and/ or cell-mediated immune response

Answer 8

Immunodeficiency (lacks specificity to antigen)

Question 9

What are some antigen factors affecting development of tolerance?

Answer 9

Antigen dose
Physical form
Route of administration
Host factors
-heredity
-age
-gender
-health

Question 10

What size of dose favors tolerance?

Answer 10

Very large or very small dose

Question 11

What kind of administration will favor an immune response?

Answer 11

Subcutaneous or intramuscular

Question 12

Any person who is immunologically immature will favor what?

Answer 12

Tolerance

Question 13

A mature adult that has mature memory T and B cells favors what?

Answer 13

Immune response

Question 14

Why would you want tolerance anyway?

Answer 14

To not have allergies.

When doing organ transplant

Question 15

This occurs in the central lymphoid organs as a consequence of immature self-reactive lymphocytes recognizing ubiquitous self antigen.

Answer 15

Central tolerance

Question 16

Induced in peripheral organs as a result of mature self-reactive lymphocytes encountering tissue- specific self antigens under particular conditions.

Answer 16

Peripheral tolerance

Question 17

The body needs to recognize self.

Answer 17

Positive selection

Question 18

The body recognizes self to much, it will kill those cells.

Answer 18

Negative selection, (key in self tolerance)

Question 19

Lack of co-stimulatory signals

Answer 19

Clonal anergy

Question 20

When tolerance fails… Is what?

Answer 20

Autoimmune disease (ranges from minor to lethal)

Question 21

Pathology occur as a result of an immune response to self.

Answer 21

Autoimmunity

Question 22

A failure to control the function of __________ which escaped to the periphery results in autoimmune disease.

Answer 22

self-reactive cells

Question 23

One of the observations of grave’s disease?

Answer 23

Exopthalmos

Question 24

In grave’s disease the antibody looks for and binds ONLY to thyroid stimulating hormone, what happens as a result?

Answer 24

The antibody is telling thyroid gland to make thyroxine… End result is Hyperthyroidism.

Question 25

Myathenia gravis, what antigen and consequence?

Answer 25

Acetylcholine receptor, progressive weakness

Question 26

Hashimotos does what?

Answer 26

Kills the thyroid (turns it to hash) results in hypothyroidism

Question 27

Grave’s disease does what?

Answer 27

Turns thyroid on

Question 28

Damage to ____________ _________ sites can lead to autoimmunity.

Answer 28

Immunologically privileged

Question 29

What are 4 immunologically privileged sites?

Answer 29

Brain
Eye
Testis
Uterus
Ovaries