Ocular immunity B6

Question 1

If you have dry eye, what can happen easier?

Answer 1

Microbes can stick more easily

Question 2

If these are damaged, they will release IL-1 which triggers activation of the immune system and repair of tissue

Answer 2

Epithelial cells

Question 3

IL-1 receptor is an IL-1 ___________, to reduce inflammation and preserve vision.

Answer 3

antagonist

Question 4

These form the bulk of the transparent stroma. When stressed produce ____ and _________ that are broad spectrum antimicrobial proteins. (i.e. Antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral)

Answer 4

Keratocytes (fibroblasts)

Il-6 and defensins (innate immunity)- accelerate helaing

Question 5

Antigen presenting cells of the cornea

Answer 5

Langerhans cells

Question 6

What is the action of Lactoferrin?

Answer 6

Lactoferrin sequesters essential IRON (needed for growth) and enhances lysozyme (iron binding protein)

Question 7

What is the action of Lysozyme?

Answer 7

Lysozyme digests peptidoglycan (bacterial cell wall) (punches holes in bacterial cell wall)
-found in all body secretions and egg whites

Question 8

What are some characteristics of IgA?

Answer 8

Dimeric antibody, two tail to tail antibodies, has secretory piece, and are connected through J chain. IgA DOES NOT ACTIVATE COMPLEMENT.

Question 9

Glycoproteins that inhibit microbe attachment.

Answer 9

Mucins

Question 10

Meibomian glands lipids that prevent evaporation of tear film, prevents tear spilage, and makes closed eyelids airtight (lacus lacrimalis)

Answer 10

Meibum- helps tears wash away microbes!

IMPORTANT

Question 11

Which is the only acquired immune system?

Answer 11

IgA is only acquired (important)

Question 12

ACAID is what?

Anterior chamber associated immune deviation

Answer 12

Immune privilege is an ACTIVE process in the eye
They put foreign tissue into eye, waited a period of time and transplant was not rejected… When tissue was transplanted, APC’s would take it out of eye to spleen and normally activate immune system (usually TH1) T regulatory cell (Tregs) induce peripheral tolerance by inhibiting TH1.

Question 13

ONly hypersensitivity that is cell mediated is what?

Answer 13

Type 4 (delayed)

Question 14

If eye gets inflammed anywhere it will involve what?

Answer 14

Uvea, will have uveitis.

but any structure can become inflammed

Question 15

Uvea is highly _____________, inflammation can damage ________.

Answer 15

vascular

vision (blindness, Glaucoma, cataracts, neovascularization)

Question 16

There are a lot of causes for _________. What are some symptoms?

Answer 16

Uveitis
Symptoms: 
-Pain/redness
-Changes in vision
-Sensitivity to light
-Floaters

Question 17

Diagnosis of intermediate Uveitis (vitreous) carries a 10% risk of having ____.

Answer 17

Multiple sclerosis (MS)
also 10 times more likely to have Uveitis with MS (will need work up for MS testing if it is first diagnosis)

Question 18

Most common form of uveitis.

Answer 18

Anterior uveitis

Often in healthy people

Question 19

Least common form of Uveitis

Many infectious and no-infectious causes

Answer 19

Posterior Uveitis (retina and choroid)

Question 20

Pan-uveitis involves the __________

Answer 20

whole eye

Question 21

MS is with ______________ uveitis.

Answer 21

Intermediate

Question 22

What is treatment of Uveitis?

Answer 22

Eliminate inflammation, alleviate pain, prevent further tissue damage, and restore any loss of vision. (corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents, biologics such as adalimumab) (anti-TNF alpha, immune)