Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Translation > Flashcards

Translation Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the role of tRNA?

A

carries a specific amino acid and has a complementary code to mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what shape is a tRNA molecule?

A

3D L shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

describe the process of the amino acid attaching to the tRNA?

A
  • enzyme with active site same shape as tRNA

- catalyses covalent bond between amino acid making it charged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what drives the forming of the covalent bond between amino acid and tRNA?

A

ATP hydrolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

descibe flexible base pairing?

A

rule for base pairing between 3rd base of anti codon and codon is relaxed = wobble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the site for translation?

A

ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the 3 tRNA binding sites?

A

1) a site
2) P site
3) E site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does the ribosome do?

A

catalyses formation of peptide bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what do ribosomes consist of?

A

large sub unit and small sub unit made of proteins and ribosomal RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the 3 stages of building a polypeptide?

A

1) initiation
2) elongation
3) termination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what happens in the initiation stage?

A

mRNA binds to mRNA binding site on the small ribosome subunit
tRNA binds in P site of large ribosomal sub unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are 2 things that are required to bring all the components together for the initiation stage to happen?

A
  • transcription factors

- GTP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens in the elongation stage?

A
  • codon recognition - tRNA base pairs with complementary mRNA anticodon
  • amino acids 1 by 1
  • peptide bond formation between between polypeptide in P site and amino acid in A site
  • Translocation - tRNA exits from E site
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what start codon is the initiator of the polypeptide chain?

A

methionine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what happens during termination?

A
  • when one of the 3 stop codons reaches the A site
  • release factors bind to stop codon - causes hydrolysis of peptide bond
  • polypeptide chain released into cytoplasm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does the termination process require?

A

hydrolysis of 2 GTPs

17
Q

what are protein called which help polypeptides fold correctly?

A

chaperones

18
Q

which terminus are amino acids added to?

A

C terminus - carboxyl end

19
Q

what are silent substitutions?

A

the replacement of a nucleotide which has no effect because it still codes for the same amino acid

20
Q

what is missense substitutions?

A

altered codon still codes for an amino acid but not necessarily for the right one

21
Q

what is a nonsense substitution?

A

cause translation to be terminated prematurely because codon now codes for stop codon not an amino acid

Biology (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions