Molecular and cell biology Flashcards

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1
Q

5 reasons why you need cell transport?

A

1) fuel for metabolism and export of waste products
2) transport between cytosol and organelles
3) protein secretory system
4) signalling between cells
5) proteins targeted to different cells

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2
Q

what are channel proteins called in invertebrates?

A

innexins

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3
Q

what are channel proteins called in vertebrates?

A

connexins

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4
Q

what are plasmodesmata?

A

pores/channels through plant cell walls

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5
Q

name 3 features of plasmodesmata?

A

1) they can dilate to allow larger molecules such as RNA to fit through
2) tube or endoplasmic reticulum passing through them
3) enable cytoplasmically interconnected fields of cells know as symplasm

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6
Q

brief explanation of gorter and grendel experiment

A

using known surface area of a red blood cell they extracted the lipids and measure when lipids form monolayer on water - surface area was double that of red blood cell proving bilayer

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7
Q

unsaturated hydrocarbon tails cause the bilayer to be what and why?

A

more fluid because kinks at double cc bonds means the hydrocarbons can’t pack as closely together

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8
Q

what molecules can easily pass through the cell membrane?

A

hydrophobic molecules

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9
Q

which molecules can’t pass through the cell membrane?

A

ions

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10
Q

which molecules pass less easily through the cell membrane?

A

uncharged polar molecules

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11
Q

what are aquaporins?

A

membrane channels for transport of uncharged molecules

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12
Q

what are two places where aquaporins are very abundant?

A

the kidneys and plant roots

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13
Q

whats the difference between passive and active transport?

A

passive favourable concentration gradient and active requires energy against concentration gradient

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14
Q

what are 3 ways or driving active transport?

A

1) light driven photon pumps
2) coupled transporter
3) ATPases

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15
Q

what are ion channels?

A

very particular pores which open and close by being voltage gated

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16
Q

what do electrogenic pumps do?

A

generate voltage across a membrane which can store energy

17
Q

describe the process of the sodium potassium linked transporter

A

sodium binds to the pump stimulating phosphorylation causing the protein to change shape expelling sodium and potassium binds triggering release of a phosphate group restoring the pumps original shape

18
Q

how is hydrochloric acid secreted in the stomach?

A

cells secrete protons and chloride which join to form hydrochloric acid

19
Q

describe the active transport of sucrose entering the phloem

A

sucrose/proton co transporter - protons come from ATPase making high proton concentration to drive movement of sucrose