transfer of skills Flashcards
define positive transfer
the learning of one skill helps the learning of another
give a sporting example for a positive transfer
chest pass in netball helps learning of a chest pass in basketball
define negative transfer
when the learning of one skill hinders the learning of another
give an example of negative transfer
tennis forehand requires a firm wrist which will hinder the learning of a bandminton forehand as it requires a flexible wrist.
define bilateral transfer
transferring a skill from one side of the body to the other
give an exmaple of bilateral transfer
dribbling the basketball with both left and right hand
define proactive transfer
skills being learned have an effect on skills developed in the furture
give an exmaple of proactive transfer
a tennis player will learn the basic forehand and backhand ground strokes before developing topspin & more advanced shots
define retoroactive transfer
the skill bein learned has an effect on one that has previously been learned
give an exmaple of retroactive transfer
a tennis player takes up badminton- the learning of a badminton overhead clear affects the previously learned smash in tennis
what are 6 ways of optimising the effects of positive transfer
- learner is aware of transferable elements e.g. coach points out similarities between a serve in tennis and a serve in volleyball
- environmental conditions need to be similar to real situation e.g pass in football in a changing environment
- skills need to be well learned / grooved
- use of reinforcement will aid positive transfer
- simplifying the task
- demonstrations must be clear and concise
what are the 3 ways of limiting the effect of negative transfer
- do not teach 2 conflicting sports at the same time e.g. tennis & badminton
- each subroutine of skill must be well learned before moving on to the next
- learners attention must be attracted to motor programmes that transfer properly
