aggression Flashcards
describe aggression
- the act must actually happen (physcially or verbally)
- it must harm another person
- must be intentional
- outside the rules of the activity
give a practical example of aggression
punch the official
describe assertive behaviour
- no intent to cause harm (accidental)
- goal-directed
- within the rules of the game
- use legitimate force
give a practical example of assertive behaviour
colliding with another player for a 50-50 ball
identify the causes of aggression
- frustration causes aggression
- nature of the game
- provoked
- importance of game
descirbe aggression cue hypothesis theory in relation to aggression and give some prcatical examples to support this theory
- when an individual is frustrated arousal increases creating a readiness for aggression
- agression occurs when socially desireable cues are present
- more likely to occur if learned cues are present
- e.g. weapons: ice hockey sicks/ gold clubs
- e.g. nature of the game: rugby/ boxing
- e.g. places: boxing ring
- e.g. people: playing rugby against a close rival
- e.g. nature of event: derby match
- e.g. witnessing violence: seeing team mate being punched
- e.g. percieved unfairness: incorrect referee decision
what are the strengths of the aggressive cue hypothesis
- conditioned response
- you get praise if aggressive
- learned response from previous experiences
what are the weaknesses of the aggressive cue hypothesis
- same cue can trigger different responses for same person
- same cue can trigger different responses for different people
- have ability to control unnecessary aggression
decsribe social learnign theory in relation to aggression (also the strengths)
- suggests aggressive behaviour is copied form others e.g. role models (vicarious experience)
- reinforcement of observed behaviour encourages behaviour to be copied
- more likely to copy behaviour of role models of high status or similar characteristics e.g. gender or age
- people copy aggression to feel accepted
what are the problems with social learning theory relating to aggression
- this does not explain why some poeple watch aggressive acts but do not act aggressively
- sometimes cant help being aggressive
- strong sense of independece leads to behaviour being ignored
describe instinct theory in relation to aggression
- suggests that aggression is innate
- built up energy has to be released giving a cathartic effect ( useing sport as a release valve by waiting for an acceptable time to be aggressive)
what are the strenghts of the insticnt theory of aggression
- can be natural human instinct to be aggressive
- some people always aggressive
- aggression can be hard to control
- can feel catharsis
what probelms are associated with instinct theory in relation to aggression
- too simple
- not all humans show aggressive behaviour
- aggression is often learned
- aggression depends on environmental situation
decsribe the furstration aggression hypothesis in relation to aggression
- this theory believes that frustration always leads to aggression & aggression is always caused by frustration
- a player is frustrated with their own performnace as their goal is blocked e.g. by a bad tackle
- this leads to frustration and can lead to an aggressive act e.g. punching the opponent
- if the player is punished it leads back to frustration
what are the strengths of the frustration- aggression hypothesis
- more realistic than instinct theory
- can see it happening in sport
- do get sense of catharsis when frustration is released as aggression
- there is a link between frustration and aggression
