personality Flashcards

1
Q

describe the trait thory of personality inolving extrversion/ introversion

A
  • extrovert: prsonality characteritic or trait of a person who seeks social situations and likes excitement but lacks concentration
  • introvert: personailty characteristic or trait of a person who does not seek social situations and likes peace and quiet but is good at concentrating
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2
Q

describe the retuclar activating system in relation to trait theory of introverts/ extroverts

A
  • RAS can be determined whether a person is inclined towards extroversion or introversion
  • **extroverts **are seen as having an RAS that inhibits the effects of sensory stimuli causing brain to experience low levels of arousal so they seek more external stimulation to **achieve higher levels of internal arousal **
  • introverts have high levels of arousal naturally occuring in in their brains so tend to avoid external stimulation so tend to be shy and avoid social situations
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3
Q

describe stable/ unstable personality trait according to trait theory

A
  • stable: a personality characteristic of someone who is constant & predictable in thier emotional behaviour. **doesn’t experience high stress **
  • unstable: a personality characteristic of someone who is highly anxious and unpredictable & unchangeable emotions
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4
Q

describe trait theory for type A and type B personaitly types

A
  • called narrow band approach
  • Type A: characterised by impatience, intolerance & high levels of stress, strong desire to succeed
  • ## **Type B: **has a relaxed, tolerant approach, with loer personal stress, lacking desire to succeed
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5
Q

what does knowing about personal anxiety help performer do

A

may lead performer to seek help to deal ith state anxiety levels during a sporting situation

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6
Q

define state anxiety

A

uneasy feeling felt in a particular sporting situation

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7
Q

what 2 categories is state anxiety split into

A
  • somatic state anxiety
  • cognitive state anxiety
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8
Q

define somatic state anxiety

A

the bodies physiological response e.g. muscle tension, increase in HR

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9
Q

define cognitive state anxiety

A

psychological worry

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10
Q

critically evaluate the use of trait theory

A

+ explains how behaviour can be predicted
+ evidence shows personality is influenced by genetics (innate) e.g. aggressive tendencies
HOWEVER
- it may be deemed not accurate as not likely to just be genetic input that determines our personality
- doesnt account for personality chnageing through different environments e.g. socialising/ upbringing
- identical twins brought up in different environments do not demonstrate the same personality therefore suggesting that its not just traits that determine personality

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11
Q

describe social learning theory in relation to personality

A
  • we learn to deal with situations by observing others
  • personality changes according to situation & environment influences behaviour
  • behaviour is more likely to be copied during a live event
  • we obvserve and copy behaviour and personality of significant others e.g. parents, coaches, role models.
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12
Q

critically evaluate social learning theory in relation to personality

A

+ explains why we often show the same personalities as our parents and how the media and others can influence our personalities

BUT

  • can be viewed as too simplistic as not likely to be just the environment that determines behaviour
  • twins brought up in the same way dont always display the same personality
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13
Q

describe the interactionist approach to personality

A
  • B = f(PE) behaviour is a combination os personality and environment B= behaviour, P = personality, E = environment
  • if situational factors are strong such as highly competitive match then they will be more influential on behaviour than personality
  • if sitautional factors are not strong like a recreational game then personality is more likely to control behaviour
  • prsonality is the relationship between **traits and social learning theory **
  • helps us understand how individuals are different
  • players change thier behaviour depending on situation
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14
Q

describe the effects of trait theory on performance

A
  • sports performers may be affected positively e.g. if you want to play in team or participate in a group exercise activity due to extrovert personality
    -or negatively by your innate personailty characteristic e.g. you are neurotic so will not go out jogging in public
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15
Q

describe the effects of social learning theory on performance

A
  • if significant then has a positive effect on others showing functional behaviour
  • can be negative if they show dysfunctional behaviour
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16
Q

describe the effects on interactionist theory on performance

A
  • deoends in how the performer percieves the situation e.g. an overweight person may not join a fitness club as they percieve the gym environment as threatening
17
Q

critically evaluate interactionist theory

A

+ it takes into account the effect of both traits and the environment
+ explains why behaviour is often unpredictable or why individuals might act differently in different situations ( e.g. takes control on football pitch but is quiet in english lessons)
+ explains why people in the same environment behave differently

HOWEVER,

  • does not explain why our personalities may be different when faced wuth a situation experienced before e.g. a player was agressive in a competitive situations last week byt is not aggressive this week