personality Flashcards
describe the trait thory of personality inolving extrversion/ introversion
- extrovert: prsonality characteritic or trait of a person who seeks social situations and likes excitement but lacks concentration
- introvert: personailty characteristic or trait of a person who does not seek social situations and likes peace and quiet but is good at concentrating
describe the retuclar activating system in relation to trait theory of introverts/ extroverts
- RAS can be determined whether a person is inclined towards extroversion or introversion
- **extroverts **are seen as having an RAS that inhibits the effects of sensory stimuli causing brain to experience low levels of arousal so they seek more external stimulation to **achieve higher levels of internal arousal **
- introverts have high levels of arousal naturally occuring in in their brains so tend to avoid external stimulation so tend to be shy and avoid social situations
describe stable/ unstable personality trait according to trait theory
- stable: a personality characteristic of someone who is constant & predictable in thier emotional behaviour. **doesn’t experience high stress **
- unstable: a personality characteristic of someone who is highly anxious and unpredictable & unchangeable emotions
describe trait theory for type A and type B personaitly types
- called narrow band approach
- Type A: characterised by impatience, intolerance & high levels of stress, strong desire to succeed
- ## **Type B: **has a relaxed, tolerant approach, with loer personal stress, lacking desire to succeed
what does knowing about personal anxiety help performer do
may lead performer to seek help to deal ith state anxiety levels during a sporting situation
define state anxiety
uneasy feeling felt in a particular sporting situation
what 2 categories is state anxiety split into
- somatic state anxiety
- cognitive state anxiety
define somatic state anxiety
the bodies physiological response e.g. muscle tension, increase in HR
define cognitive state anxiety
psychological worry
critically evaluate the use of trait theory
+ explains how behaviour can be predicted
+ evidence shows personality is influenced by genetics (innate) e.g. aggressive tendencies
HOWEVER
- it may be deemed not accurate as not likely to just be genetic input that determines our personality
- doesnt account for personality chnageing through different environments e.g. socialising/ upbringing
- identical twins brought up in different environments do not demonstrate the same personality therefore suggesting that its not just traits that determine personality
describe social learning theory in relation to personality
- we learn to deal with situations by observing others
- personality changes according to situation & environment influences behaviour
- behaviour is more likely to be copied during a live event
- we obvserve and copy behaviour and personality of significant others e.g. parents, coaches, role models.
critically evaluate social learning theory in relation to personality
+ explains why we often show the same personalities as our parents and how the media and others can influence our personalities
BUT
- can be viewed as too simplistic as not likely to be just the environment that determines behaviour
- twins brought up in the same way dont always display the same personality
describe the interactionist approach to personality
- B = f(PE) behaviour is a combination os personality and environment B= behaviour, P = personality, E = environment
- if situational factors are strong such as highly competitive match then they will be more influential on behaviour than personality
- if sitautional factors are not strong like a recreational game then personality is more likely to control behaviour
- prsonality is the relationship between **traits and social learning theory **
- helps us understand how individuals are different
- players change thier behaviour depending on situation
describe the effects of trait theory on performance
- sports performers may be affected positively e.g. if you want to play in team or participate in a group exercise activity due to extrovert personality
-or negatively by your innate personailty characteristic e.g. you are neurotic so will not go out jogging in public
describe the effects of social learning theory on performance
- if significant then has a positive effect on others showing functional behaviour
- can be negative if they show dysfunctional behaviour