Trancription Flashcards
what is the central doggma of molecular biology
DNA which is the information
trascription
RNA which is the information carrier
translator
Proteins which are the workers
What does the term ‘Gene exspression; mean
Gene exspression is the section of DNA which codes for a functional product, either proteins or non-coding RNA
what are the three parts of transcription
the regulation of synthesis of RNA
the synthesis of RNA
Further processing of the RNA information
what are the areas of DNA involved in the transcription of DNA
Promotor: the start point of DNA replication, includes the TATA box
5’ UTR: the region of DNA which starts transcription but doesnt get translated, has a reactive modified g nuceotide at end
coding sequence: section which codes for a gene
Introns: breaks up the coding sequences
3’UTR: the region which stops translation
mRNA poly a tail: a section of A nucelotides which prevent damage during transport out of the nuceleus
what are the three steps of transcription
Initiation:
elongation:
termination: not covered in depth, end point of transcription.
what is the initiation process of transcription
initatipon: firstly transcription factors bind to the TATA box in the promotor region
next RNA polymerase 2 binds to the promotor compleating the formation of the INITAL COMPLEX
NOTE: RNA polymerase doesnt need primer as it has a reactive OH
Describe the process of elongation
elongation: RNA polymerase moves down the DNA template strand to make a copy opf the coding strand of DNA. adds relivent RNA nucleotides to the end.
what is the point of having introns
introns break up the coding strand so they cannot be transcribed. this means that lots of RNA can be made so when it is needed the introns can be quickly removed and the RNA translated.
Once the inital complex leaves the promotor region more transcription factors can bind so many RNA can be developed at once from the same section of DNA.
