mitochondria and atp Flashcards
what are the three stages to ATP syntheses
1.glycosis
2.phyruvate oxidation
3.oxidative phospholytion
name a special fact about mitochondrions protein production
they can produce some of their own proteins due to having their own ribosomes attached to the inner membrane
describe stage 1: glycosis
glycosis occurs outside the mitochindrais outter membrane in cytosol. glucose breaks into two pyruvate releasing ATP and high energy e- NADH
describe stage 2: Pyruvate oxidation
the pyruvate which was formed in stage 1 is takin into the inner membrane, split into acyle CoA, which is then pumped through the citric acid cycle. this releases CO2, ATP, NAHD, FADH2,
describe stage 3: oxidative phospholyation
part 1:
the electron transport chain.
as NADH and FADH2 are pushed through complex 1-4, the high energy electrons lose energy pumping a H+ conc. grad into the inner cellular space
now low energy e- bond to O2 and H+ to form H2O
describe stage three: oxidative phospholyation
part 2:
chimiosmosis
the conc gradiant diffuses through the protein atp synthse producing ATP in the process. taking ADP and Pi and bonding together to form ATP.
why is the double membrane structure of mitochondria so important. describe the three sections to the membranes.
outer membrane, inner membrane (cristae) and inter membrane space provide the conditions to create the conc gradiant of H+ required for ATP synthse to function.
how does size and number of mitochondria varry in a ecll and why
1-10um
number varrys from 1-1000s, dependant of cells energy concumption. muscle takes alot
what are the four main energy requirements of a cell
mechanical work (carrier proteins)
manufactur of materials (dupe)
membrane transport (acitive)
maintain order
why is controled release of energy by atp so important
it enables a small predictible amount of energy to be easily spent. if this did not occour all the energy of glucose would be have to be used all at the same time
how does ATP regenerate
chemical equasion
ADP + P -> ATP
