Comparitive genomics

Question 1

How are genomes compaired

Answer 1

Alignemnt is used to compair two genomes. Two genomes are compaired and any simlairys are highlighted, differences can be associated with changes

Question 2

What are the different types of comparisons which can be done with compairtive genomics

Answer 2

Compairtive genomics between speices:
Can be used to find functions of genes which are present in both humans and other species. The relationships between species

Comparitive genomics within the same species: Can be used to find differences against the referance genome. Often associated with phenotypic changes, Diseases, ancestory and characteristics

Question 3

How is dna perserved

Answer 3

DNA can be concerved for a long time, however can have nucleotide changes over this time.

Question 4

When compairing genomes what are found

Answer 4

Common sequences: Can be linked to biology which is shared between two speices

Different sequences: May encode for organism specific function

Question 5

What were neanderthals

Answer 5

Homo spaians closest relitive,
15,20 thousand years ago
aisa and europe
inbreeding between speices

Question 6

What was the effect of inbreeding between anchent humans

Answer 6

Increased genetic diversity, some alleles were shared

can be seen in tibet, Gene from denisovans in the tibetn population but not in the Han Chineese which were very closly related. gene came from a denisovan gene

Question 7

Who were the denisovans

Answer 7

Found from a tooth reminense in the denisovan cave, 4-6% of denisovan DNA is found in mordern day melonesian populations. In breeding between denisovans homosapians and neanderthals occured. (known due to shared alleles due to inbreeding)

Question 8

What do some genes show up in almost all people in a population

Answer 8

The gene is under selection. EG the altitude gene in tibet is underselection and has a higher reproductive sucess