Human microbiome project Flashcards
What was the human microbiome project
Characterize the different bicrobiomes throughout the human body - looking for corrolations between healthy and sick varients of these microbiomes
Define a microbiome and microbiota
Microbiome is all bacteria + their genes in an enviroemtn
Microbiota = the species present in an envrioemtn
what method was used in the human microbiome project
Culture independant methods - collection of informaiton about the genes of microbiome
What where the main goals of the human microbiome project
- Develope a set of microbiomes for different regions of the human body
- Compair the healthy and sick varients of these regions
- Develope technologys to better sequence microbiomes
- Create a reponsitory of information
- Think about the ethics of the project
What was the findings of the human microbiome project
- gut bacteria contain 50* more genetic diversity than human genome
- 80-99% of bacteria documented
- Everyone has a diffferent microbiome, 60 common species
- Communitys change between people however function between people is relitivly constant
What are the function of having microbiomes within the body
- Provide competition for resorces against pathogens
- Changes the virulance factors by changing the envrioment
- Create a hostile enviroment - pH, upregulation of antimicrobial peptides
What are the 4 bacteria groups dominating the human microbiome (phyla)
Proteobacteria
Actinobacteria
Bacteroidetes
Firmicutes
What are the function of gut bacteria
Breakdown plant matters which we cannot, release all the energy from these sources
- Provide us with vitemins (B and K)
- Modulate immune responses
- Change drug delivary (could be good or bad)
What is microflora
The bacteria living inside the gut
What is the differeance between pro and prebiotics
Probiotics: Goal is to introduce new microflora to the gut. Hopefully protect against pathogens and reduce inflamation
Prebiotics: Neutriance which helps the binary fission of preexisitng microflora in the gut
What is a method to change our gut microbiome
C. Difficale infection in the microbiome can develope and remain for a long time
Treatment: Feacal microbiota transplant (FMT)
Changing the microbiome of the gut, Required a suitable donnor, and correct procedure.
What is a redox gene profile
vs grandient
Animals in simlar conditions will have simlar redox profiles to fit the enviroment and recorses which are present
As a change in the enviroment occurs the change form one redox type to annother will form a grandient of change
