microbial genetics

Question 1

What is a bacterial genome made from

Answer 1

Main circular chromosome within the nuceliod region DNA
Plasmids free in the cytosol small circular segments of DNA with speical genes
- often accoiated with drug resistance + virulance factors
- easily passed through horizontal gene transfer

Question 2

What factors are transfered via horiontal gene transfer

Answer 2

Drug resistance - antibody resistance
virulance factors

Question 3

How does drug resistance work

Answer 3

Atributes which reduce the effectivness of antibodys within the body

Question 4

How does virulance factors work

Answer 4

Factors which damage the body or make it hard to damage the bacteria
- Capsuals

Question 5

What are the three types of horizontal gene transfer

Answer 5

Transformation
Transduction
Conjuction

Question 6

describe transformation

Answer 6

Transofmation is the uptake of short naked DNA sections by naturally receptive bacteria

Question 7

Describe tranduction

Answer 7

Phages carry DNA from 1 bacteria to annother

During the lytic cycle some phages intergrate DNA into the capsual which can the be injected into annother bacteria

Question 8

describe conjunction

Answer 8

Conjuction occurs through a sex pilus
Direct cell to cell connection
Plasmid unwinds and feeds through the pilus to a second bacteria spreading virulance factors/drug resistance

Question 9

What is the idea of phage therapy
pros and cons

Answer 9

Phage theapy uses phages to target specific bacteria to kill them
Pros: highly specific, Replicate at infection site, naturally occuring, doesnt damage eucaryote cells, DAMAGES ANTIBIOTIC RESSTANT BACTERIA

Cons: needs more reserch, Hard to get in the correct target, cannot damage intracellular bactera, phage resistnace antibodys