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zCELS191 > endomembrane system > Flashcards

endomembrane system Flashcards

1
Q

what makes up the endomembrane system 6 things

A

nuclear envelope
golgi apparatus
endoplasmic reticulum
vesicles and vauoles
plasma membrane
lysosomes

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2
Q

how is the endomembrane system connected

A

through direct connection
vesicles or vacuoles

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3
Q

what is the funtions of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

store Ca for signal proteins
detox the body
make lipids for cell membranes
metabolise carbohydrates

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3
Q

what are the two types of endoplasmic renticulum

A

smooth and rough

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4
Q

describe rough ER

A

rough surface due to ribosomes on the surface. synthesises proteins. membrane-bound proteins and secreted proteins enter the lumen for processing

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4
Q

describe the golgi apparatus

A

is a polar orgnael which recives vesicles at the cis end, processes them, tags them with short proteins tags, then budds them from the trans face.

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5
Q

what do the short protein tags left by the golgi do and name

A

direct vesicle transport, the tags are use to direct and then to identify vesicles

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5
Q

does the ER change shape?

A

only the sER changes dependat on use in the cell.

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6
Q

what isthe golgi apparatus made from

A

a series of membrane sacs and vesciles

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6
Q

is cytoplasm made on the rER

A

no, cytoplasm is made by free ribosomes

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7
Q

what is the process which is important for surface proteins and secreted proteins, done in the golgi

A

glycosylation: adding carbohydrates to proteins

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8
Q

two properties of all vesicles

A

membrain bound organells, filled with cytoplasm

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9
Q

what are the 3 types of vesicles

A

secretionary
transport
vacuole

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10
Q

what is the diffrence between vacoules and vesicles

A

vacoules are bigger and used to transport larger goods, phagocytosis uses vacoules to transport food

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11
Q

why are vacuoles important in plants

A

the central vacuole is able to absorbe water to grow and make the cell grow without increasing cytoplasm, they also can carry out lysosome type functions

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12
Q

what are man made vesicles called and used for

A

liposomes used to administer drugs and vaccines

13
Q

what are the 5 types of bulk transport

A

exocytosis
-regulatory
-consituitive
endocytosis
-phagocytosis
-pinocytosis
-receptor mediated pinocytosis

13
Q

what are the two kinds of exocytosis and their functions

A

consititutive exocytosis: releases extra-cellular proteins
regulatory exocytosis: releases hormones and neurotransmitters

14
Q

what is the uptake in pinocytosis

A

the uptake is bringing in exocellular fluid. its made using non-selective coat proteins

14
Q

what is the function of receptor regulated pinocytosis

A

to bring specific solutes into the cell. these often have low concentrations outside the cell.

14
Q

what is the function of phagocytosis

A

when vacuoles transport ‘food’ macromolecules to lysosomes

14
Q

what is the function of endocytosis

A

to transport molecules and paticulate into the cell

14
Q

what is the function of pinocytosis

A

increases exocellular fluid in cell, brings in sugar and proteins.

15
Q

why are lysosomes kept at a specific pH

A

the hydrolytic enzyms which break down macromolecules only function under acidic conditions

15
Q

lysosomes are filled with what in what conditions

A

hydrolytic enzymes
in acidic condtions

15
Q

what is the function of lysosomes

A

to break down macromolecules and release the consituent parts back into the body

15
Q

what is the name of the process that lysosomes undergo

A

autophagy

16
Q

what binds to lysosomes to provid ‘food’

A

phagocytic vacoules

16
Q

what other function can lysosomes have

A

they can be used during programed cellular death

17
Q

what happens when lysosomes are defective

A

you get lysosomal storage disease

zCELS191 (30 decks)

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