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Immunology/Microbiology > Toxins > Flashcards

Toxins Flashcards

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1
Q

Which Toxin is secreted from cell?

A

Exotoxin

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2
Q

Which Toxin is a polypeptide?

A

Exotoxin

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3
Q

Where is the location of a gene in Endotoxin?

A

Bacterial chromosome

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4
Q

Which Toxin is more toxic?

A

Exotoxin

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5
Q

Name 3 effects of Endotoxins?

A

Fever, Shock (hypotension), DIC

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6
Q

Name 3 Modes of Action of Endotoxins?

A

TNF, IL-1, IL-6

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7
Q

Which toxin induces high-titer antibodies called antitoxins?

A

Exotoxin

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8
Q

Which toxin uses Toxoids as vaccines?

A

Exotoxin

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9
Q

Which Toxin is stable at 100oC?

A

Endotoxin

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10
Q

Examples of Endotoxin disease?

A

Meningococcemia

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11
Q

C. diphtheriae produces what kind of toxin?

A

Diphtheria toxin

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12
Q

This toxin is most similar to which toxin?

A

Exotoxin A of Pseudomonas

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13
Q

What does Diptheria toxin/Exotoxin A MOA?

A

Inactivate elongation factor (EF-2)

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14
Q

Diptheria toxin produces what kind of symptoms?

A

Pharyngitis with pseudomembranes in throat and severe lymphadenopathy (bull neck)

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15
Q

Shigella spp. produces a toxin that is most similar to?

A

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)

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16
Q

Shiga toxin MOA?

A

MOA: Inactivate 60S ribosome by removing adenine from rRNA

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17
Q

Similarity and Difference between Shigella and EHEC toxin?

A

Similarity: Both Cause HUS

Difference: EHEC does not invade host cells

18
Q

Diptheria toxin and Shiga toxin are similar in that they both?

A

Inhibit protein synthesis

19
Q

ETEC has two toxins what are they?

A

Heat-labile toxin (LT)

Heat-stable toxin

20
Q

Difference between ETEC toxins?

A

Labile in Chloride and Air=>cAMP

Stable on the Ground=>cGMP

21
Q

Bacillus anthracis’ Edema Toxin and Cholera’s Toxin is similar in MOA to?

A

Heat-Labile Toxin

22
Q

Heat-Labile Toxin MOA?

A

Increase Cl− secretion in gut and H2O efflux

23
Q

Heat-Stable Toxin MOA?

A

Decreased resorption of NaCl and H2O in gut

24
Q

Bordetella Pertussis toxin MOA?

A

MOA: Increased cAMP=>impaired Phagocytosis to permit survival of microbe

25
Q

Whooping cough?

A

Whoops on inspiration

26
Q

Pertussis is associated with leukocytosis, what kind?

A

Lymphocytic leukocytosis

27
Q

ETEC, Anthrax and Vibrio have 1 thing in common, what is that?

A

They all increase fluid secretions

28
Q

Clostridium tetani and botulinum toxin MOA?

A

Proteases that cleave SNARE (required for release of neurotransmitter)

29
Q

Tetani inhibits? Symptoms?

A

Inhibitory (GABA and glycine) neutrotransmitters from Renshaw cells=>

Spasticity, risus sardonicus (the grin), lock jaw (LOCKED!)

30
Q

Botulinum inhibits?

A

Stimulatiory (Ach)=> Flaccid paralysis, floppy baby

31
Q

Tetani and Botulinum have 1 thing in common, what is that?

A

Inhibit release of neurotransmitter

32
Q

Clostridium perfringens and Streptococcus pyogenes have 1 thing in common, what is that?

A

They both Lyse cell membranes

33
Q

Clostridium perfringens toxicity is most similar to?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes toxin

34
Q

C. perfringens, Alpha toxin: MOA?

A

Phospholipase (lecithinase) that degrades tissue and cell membranes

35
Q

What does degradation lead to?

A

Degradation of phospholipids=>

  1. ?myonecrosis (“gas gangrene”)
  2. hemolysis (“double zone” of hemolysis on blood agar)
36
Q

Streptolysin O Toxin? MOA? Result?

A

Protein that degrades cell membrane

Lyses RBCs; contributes to β-hemolysis

37
Q

Difference between Alpha toxin and Streptolysin O toxin?

A

Alpha: Double Zone hemolysis

Steptolysin=>ß hemolysis

38
Q

Staphylococcus aureus makes what toxin?

A

Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1)

39
Q

Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1) is most similar to what toxin?

A

S. pyogenes

Exotoxin A

40
Q

Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1) MOA?

A

Binds to MHC II and TCR outside of antigen binding site to cause overwhelming release of IL-1, IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α
? => shock

41
Q

Result of Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1)?

A

Food poisoning, Scaled skin

Immunology/Microbiology (32 decks)

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