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Immunology/Microbiology > Stains/Agar/Virulence Factors > Flashcards

Stains/Agar/Virulence Factors Flashcards

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1
Q

Staining carbolfuchsin ( then decolorizing with acid alcohol

A

Acid Fast Staining

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2
Q

Acid Fast Staining stains what? What organisms?

A

Mycolic acid

Nocardia, Mycobacteria

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3
Q

Which Stains Giemsa (Geisha)?

A

Beetches Really Trying to Play Chinese

Borrelia, Rickettsia, Trypanosomes, Plasmodium, Chlamydia

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4
Q

Which Stains PAS (+)? What does it stain for?

A

PASS the SUGAR

Stains glycogen, mucopolysaccharides; used to diagnose Whipple disease

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5
Q

Silver Stain?

A

Fungi (e.g., Pneumocystis),
Legionella,
Helicobacter pylori

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6
Q

Chocolate agar used for? Components?

A

H. influenzae

NAD+ and Hematin

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7
Q

Thayer-Martin agar used for? Components?

A

N. gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis
Vancomycin (inhibits gram-positive organisms), Trimethoprim, Colistin (inhibits gram- negative organisms except Neisseria), and Nystatin (inhibits fungi)
Very Truely Cultures Neisseria

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8
Q

Bordet-Gengou agar used for?

A

Bordet for Bordetella Pertussus

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9
Q

Löwenstein-Jensen agar used for?

A

TB

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10
Q

Eaton agar used for? components?

A

M. pneumoniae

cholesterol

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11
Q

Lactose-fermenting enterics?

A

MacConkey agar=>pink

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12
Q

Eosin–methylene blue (EMB) agar?

A

E. coli=>green

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13
Q

Charcoal yeast extract agar? Components?

A

Legionella

buffered with cysteine and iron

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14
Q

Sabouraud agar?

A

Fungi

Sab’s a fun guy!”

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15
Q

Aerobes?

A

Nocardia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and MycoBacterium tuberculosis

Nagging Pests Must Breathe.

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16
Q

Anaerobes?

A

Fusobacterium, Clostridium, Bacteroides, and Actinomyces

Anaerobes Frankly Can’t Breathe Air.

17
Q

Anaerobes are generally?

A

foul smelling, difficult to culture and produce gas

18
Q

Which Antibiotic is ineffective against anaerobes?

A

AminO2glycosides are ineffective against anaerobes because these antibiotics require O2 to enter into bacterial cell.

19
Q

Obligate Intracellular

A

Rickettsia, CHlamydia, COxiella

Stay inside (cells) when it is Really CHilly and COld

20
Q

Encapsulated bacteria are?

A

SHiNE SKiS
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type B, Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and group B Strep

21
Q

In encapsulated bacterias what are the virulence factor used for?

A

Capsule is used for antiphagocytosis

22
Q

What are the encapsulated vaccines?

A

Pneumococcal vaccine: PCV (pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, i.e., Prevnar
H. influenzae type B,
Meningococcal vaccine

23
Q

Catalase + organisms

A

Nocardia, Pseudomonas, Listeria, Aspergillus, Candida, E. coli, Staphylococci, Serratia

24
Q

Yellow sand?

A

Actinomyces israelii

25
Q

Yellow pigment?

A

S. aureus

26
Q

Green?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

27
Q

Red?

A

Serratia marcescens—red pigment

28
Q

What binds to the Fc region of IgG?

A

RF-IgM

Protein A

29
Q

What does Protein A do? Expressed by?

A

Prevents opsonization and phagocytosis. Expressed by S. aureus

30
Q

IgA protease? Which organisms?

A

Enzyme that cleaves IgA.

Secreted by S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae type B, and Neisseria (SHiN)

31
Q

Which is IgA protease needed?

A

in order to colonize respiratory mucosa.

32
Q

M protein is seen in? Which organism?

A

Acute Rheumatic Fever, Group A strep

33
Q

Why is M protein used? what is the phenonmenon called?

A

Helps prevent phagocytosis

epitopes to human cellular proteins (molecular mimicry)

34
Q

Needle-like protein appendage facilitating direct delivery of toxins from certain gram-negative bacteria? Type what?

A

Injectisome

Type III secretion system

35
Q

What organisms use injectisome?

A

Gram (-)

Immunology/Microbiology (32 decks)

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