Toxicology

Question 1

Routes of absorption

Answer 1

Dermal: organophosphate, pesticide
Ingestion: May be immediate or delayed. Pills, plants, alcohol, etc.
Inhalation: carbon monoxide
Injection: bug/snake bites, illicit drugs.

Question 2

Major stimulant toxidromes

Answer 2

Amphetamine, methamphetamine, cocaine, diet aids, nasal decongestant.

Question 3

Major stimulant toxidrome signs and symptoms

Answer 3

Restlessness, agitation, incessant talking, insomnia, anorexia, dilated pupils, tachycardia, tachypnea, hyper or hypotension, paranoia, seizures, cardiac arrest

Question 4

Major narcotic (opiate and opioid) toxidromes

Answer 4

Heroin, opium, morphine, hydromorphone, fentanyl, oxycodone-aspirin (percodan)

Question 5

Major narcotic (opiate/opioid) toxidrome signs and symptoms

Answer 5

Pinpoint pupils, respiratory depression, needle tracks, drowsiness, stupor, coma

Question 6

Major sympathomimetic toxidromes

Answer 6

Pseusoephedrine, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, amphetamine, methamphetamine

Question 7

Major sympathomimetic toxidrome signs and symptoms

Answer 7

Hypertension, tachycardia, dilated pupils, agitation, seizures, hyperthermia

Question 8

Major sedative and hypnotic toxidromes

Answer 8

Phenobarbital, diazepam, thiopental

Question 9

Major sedative and hypnotic toxidromes signs and symptoms

Answer 9

Drowsiness, disinhibition, ataxia, slurred speech, mental confusion, respiratory depression, progressive CNS depression, hypotension

Question 10

Major cholinergic toxidromes

Answer 10

Diazinon, orthene, parathion, sarin, tabun, VX

Question 11

Major cholinergic toxidrome signs and symptoms

Answer 11

Salivation, lacrimation, GI distress, diarrhea, respiratory depression, apnea, seizures, coma

Question 12

Major anticholinergic toxidromes

Answer 12

Atropine, scopolamine, antihistamine, antipsychotics

Question 13

Major anticholinergic toxidrome signs and symptoms

Answer 13

Dry, flushed skin, hyperthermia, dilated pupils, blurred vision, tachycardia, mild hallucinations, dramatic delirium

Question 14

Drug abuse

Answer 14

Use of any drugs that causes physical, psychological, economic, legal, or social harm to the user or to others affected by the drug users behaviour

Question 15

Habituation

Answer 15

Psychological dependence on a drug or drugs

Question 16

Physical dependence

Answer 16

A physical state of adaptation to a drug, usually characterized by tolerance to the drugs effects by a withdrawal syndrome if the drug use is stopped, especially if stopped abruptly

Question 17

Psychological dependence

Answer 17

The emotional state of craving a drug to maintain a feeling of well being

Question 18

Withdrawal syndrome

Answer 18

Predictable set of signs and symptoms, usually involving altered CNS activity, which occurs from abrupt or rapid decreasing or cessation of the dosage of a drug.