Toxicology Flashcards
Routes of absorption
Dermal: organophosphate, pesticide
Ingestion: May be immediate or delayed. Pills, plants, alcohol, etc.
Inhalation: carbon monoxide
Injection: bug/snake bites, illicit drugs.
Major stimulant toxidromes
Amphetamine, methamphetamine, cocaine, diet aids, nasal decongestant.
Major stimulant toxidrome signs and symptoms
Restlessness, agitation, incessant talking, insomnia, anorexia, dilated pupils, tachycardia, tachypnea, hyper or hypotension, paranoia, seizures, cardiac arrest
Major narcotic (opiate and opioid) toxidromes
Heroin, opium, morphine, hydromorphone, fentanyl, oxycodone-aspirin (percodan)
Major narcotic (opiate/opioid) toxidrome signs and symptoms
Pinpoint pupils, respiratory depression, needle tracks, drowsiness, stupor, coma
Major sympathomimetic toxidromes
Pseusoephedrine, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, amphetamine, methamphetamine
Major sympathomimetic toxidrome signs and symptoms
Hypertension, tachycardia, dilated pupils, agitation, seizures, hyperthermia
Major sedative and hypnotic toxidromes
Phenobarbital, diazepam, thiopental
Major sedative and hypnotic toxidromes signs and symptoms
Drowsiness, disinhibition, ataxia, slurred speech, mental confusion, respiratory depression, progressive CNS depression, hypotension
Major cholinergic toxidromes
Diazinon, orthene, parathion, sarin, tabun, VX
Major cholinergic toxidrome signs and symptoms
Salivation, lacrimation, GI distress, diarrhea, respiratory depression, apnea, seizures, coma
Major anticholinergic toxidromes
Atropine, scopolamine, antihistamine, antipsychotics
Major anticholinergic toxidrome signs and symptoms
Dry, flushed skin, hyperthermia, dilated pupils, blurred vision, tachycardia, mild hallucinations, dramatic delirium
Drug abuse
Use of any drugs that causes physical, psychological, economic, legal, or social harm to the user or to others affected by the drug users behaviour
Habituation
Psychological dependence on a drug or drugs
Physical dependence
A physical state of adaptation to a drug, usually characterized by tolerance to the drugs effects by a withdrawal syndrome if the drug use is stopped, especially if stopped abruptly
Psychological dependence
The emotional state of craving a drug to maintain a feeling of well being
Withdrawal syndrome
Predictable set of signs and symptoms, usually involving altered CNS activity, which occurs from abrupt or rapid decreasing or cessation of the dosage of a drug.
