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PCP BC > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

4 different names for drugs

A

Chemical name
Generic name
Brand name
Official name

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2
Q

Definition of pharmacokinetics

A

How the body processes the drug.

Absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination

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3
Q

Definition of pharmacodynamics

A

How the drug affects the body (mechanism of action)

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4
Q

6 rights of drug administration

A 
Right patient
Right drug
Right dose
Right route
Right time
Right documentation
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5
Q

Drugs routes of entry and onset of action

A 
IO/IV: 30-60s
Endotracheal: 2-3min
Inhalation: 2-3min
Sublingual: 3-5min
IM: 10-20min
Subcutaneous: 15-30min
Rectal: 5-30 min
Oral: 30-90min
Topical: minutes to hours
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6
Q

Onset of action

A

Duration of time it takes for a drug to reach its therapeutic range

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7
Q

Duration of action

A

Time of onset to the time of end in the therapeutic range

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8
Q

Potency

A

Amount of drug required to reach the therapeutic effect

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9
Q

Therapeutic range

A

The range between the desired effect and toxicity of a drug

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10
Q

Therapeutic index

A

Lethal dose divided by the start of the therapeutic dose.

The closer the value is to one = narrower margins of safety.

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11
Q

Factors affecting drug response

A

Age, body mass, sex, environment, route, time of administration, pathology, genetics, psychology

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12
Q

Side effect

A

An unintended response to a drug

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13
Q

Untoward effect

A

A side effect that proves harmful

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14
Q

Idiosyncrasy

A

Unusual effect of a drug unique to the patient

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15
Q

Drug allergy

A

Antibody/antigen (immune) response

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16
Q

Drug dependence

A

Physical or psychological need for a drug

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17
Q

Tolerance

A

Patient becomes accustomed to a drug, requiring more to achieve desired effect.

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18
Q

Cross tolerance

A

Tolerance is built up for a drug due to a different drug.

19
Q

Tachyphylaxis

A

Rapid occurrence of tolerance to a drug.

20
Q

Drug interaction

A

Drug effects on another drug in the system.

21
Q

Enteral route

A

Any route involving the GI tract (mouth to anus)

22
Q

Parenteral route

A

Any route other than the GI tract, skin, or mucous membranes (IM, IV, SC, IO)

23
Q

Synergism

A

2 drugs acting on the body via different mechanisms, but the overall sum of effect is greater than adding each drug together (1+1=3)

24
Q

Antagonism

A

Simultaneous administration of 2 drugs will decrease the effect of one drug (1+1=1)

25
Q

Potentiation

A

Type of synergism in which 1 drug will enhance the effects of another drug

26
Q

Summation

A

2 drugs act on the same receptor and their combined effect is the sum of the 2 drugs together (1+1=2)

27
Q

IV solutions

A 
Isotonic (NS 0.9% NaCl)
Hypotonic (net osmosis into cell)
Hypertonic (net osmosis out of cell)
Crystalloid (dissolved crystals)
Colloid (draws fluid into vasculature)
28
Q

3-to-1 rule for crystalloid support of loss of blood pressure

A

3 ml of isotonic crystalloid solution is required to replace 1ml of blood lost.

29
Q

Microdrip sets

A

Allow 60 gtt per ml. Ideal for medication administration

30
Q

Macrodrip sets

A

Allow 10 or 15 gtt/ml. Best for rapid fluid replacement.

31
Q

Local IV site reactions

A 
Infiltration (escape of fluid into surrounding tissue)
Thrombophlebitis 
Occlusion
Vein irritation 
Hematoma
Nerve, tendon, ligament damage
Arterial puncture
32
Q

Systemic complications to IV insertion

A 
Allergic reactions
Pyrogenic reactions (abrupt temp increase)
Circulatory overload
Air embolus
Vasovagal reactions (anxiety to needles)
Cannula shear
33
Q

Percutaneous route

A

Any route of medication administration via the skin or mucous membranes (topical patch, SL, buccal, inhalation)

34
Q

IM injection amount

A

1 to 5 ml of medication

35
Q

SC medication amounts

A

2 ml or less

36
Q

Potential complications of IV therapy

A 
Infiltration 
Thrombophlebitis 
Occlusion
Vein irritation 
Hematoma 
Nerve, tendon, ligament damage
Arterial puncture
37
Q

Med math calculation for volume to be administered

A

Volume on hand: typically in ml
Desired dose: amount to administer
Concentration on hand: amount of medication in solvent

Volume on hand x desired dose / concentration on hand = volume to be administered.

5ml x 70mg / 100mg = 3.5ml

38
Q

Med math IV infusion drip rate calculation

A

Total amount of fluid to be infused x admin drop set / total time in minutes.

1000ml x 10 gtt/ml / 480 minutes = 20.83 gtt/min

39
Q

Med math calculation for finding out concentration on hand

A

Concentration on hand / volume on hand

500mg / 10ml = 50mg/ml

40
Q

Commonly prescribed beta blockers

A 
Metoprolol
Propranolol
Atenolol
Bisoprolol
Acebutolol 
Labetalol
41
Q

Commonly prescribed calcium channel blockers

A 
Diltiazem
Verapamil
Amiodipine
Felodipine
Nifedipine
42
Q

Commonly prescribed diuretics

A 
Bumetanide
Ethacrynic acid
Furosemide
Apresoline 
Indapamide
Metolazone
Spironolactone
Thiazides hydrochlorothiazide
43
Q

Commonly prescribed ACE inhibitors and angiotensin 2 blockers

A 
Candesartan (AT-2 blocker)
Captopril
Enalapril
Irbesartan (AT-2 blocker)
Losartan (AT-2 blocker)
Lisinopril
Ramipril
Telmisartan (AT-2 blocker)
Valsartan (AT-2 blocker)

PCP BC (21 decks)

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