Pediatrics

Question 1

Pediatric assessment triangle

Answer 1

Appearance
Work of breathing
Circulation

Question 2

PAT appearance (TICLS ‘tickles’)

Answer 2

Tone
Interactiveness 
Consolability
Look or gaze
Speech or cry.

Question 3

PAT work of breathing

Answer 3

Airway sounds
Posturing (sniffing position, tripod, etc)
Retractions
Nasal flaring.

Question 4

PAT circulation

Answer 4

Mottling
Cyanosis
Pallor

Question 5

Normal respiratory rates for paediatrics

Answer 5

Infant: 30-60
Toddler: 24-40
Preschooler: 22-34
School age: 18-30
Adolescent: 12-16

Question 6

Normal heart rates for pediatrics.

Answer 6

Infant: 100-160
Toddler: 90-150
Preschooler: 80-140
School age: 70-120
Adolescent: 60-100

Question 7

Formula for lower limit of acceptable BP in children aged 1-10

Answer 7

70 + (2 x age in years) = low end of normal BP

Example: 70 + (2 x 5) = 90 + 10 = 80 mmHg SBP

Question 8

FBAO removal in an infant

Answer 8

Responsive: 5 back blows followed by 5 chest compressions
Unresponsive: CPR

Question 9

FBAO removal in child older than 1 year

Answer 9

Kneel behind patient, perform abdominal thrusts just above the patients umbilicus.
Unresponsive: inspect airway, attempt rescue breaths, reposition and try again, begin CPR at rate of 30:2 (or 15:2 for 2 rescuer)

Question 10

Croup

Answer 10

Viral infection of upper airway commonly affecting 6 month to 6 year old children.

Question 11

BVM rate for children

Answer 11

12-20 breaths per minute

Question 12

Anterior-posterior defibrillator pad placement rule for children

Answer 12

May use this placement for children younger than 12 months or less than 10kg

Question 13

Infant and children hypoglycemia BGL

Answer 13

3.3 mmol/L

Question 14

Simple febrile seizures

Answer 14

Brief, generalized tonic-clonic seizure lasting less than 15 minutes

Question 15

Complex febrile seizure

Answer 15

Lasts longer than 15 minutes, focal, or occurs in a child with baseline developmental or neurological abnormality

Question 16

Sudden infant death syndrome

Answer 16

Sudden and unexpected death of an infant aged 1 month to 1 year, with a peak incidence of 2-4 months old. Presence of frothy or blood tinged fluid in mouth, nose, or on bed sheets is typical of SIDS

Question 17

CHILDABUSE mnemonic

Answer 17

Consistency of injury
History inconsistent with injury
Inappropriate parental concerns 
Lack of supervision 
Delay in seeking care
Affect (parent to child or child to parent)
Bruises of varying age
Unusual injury patterns
Suspicious circumstances 
Environmental clues