Endocrine Flashcards
ANH
Secreted by cells in the atria in response to increased blood pressure. Act on kidneys to increase excretion of sodium and water to decrease BP.
Insulin
Secreted by B cells in pancreas. Allow glucose entry into the cell for ATP production
Glucagon
Secreted by A cells in pancreas in response to low BGL. Stimulates breakdown of glycogen into glucose in the liver.
Calcitonin
Secreted by the thyroid in response to high calcium levels in the blood. Inhibits breakdown of bone by osteoclasts.
Parathyroid hormone
Secreted from parathyroid glands in response to low blood calcium. Stimulates breakdown of bone by osteoclasts.
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Secreted by anterior pituitary. Stimulates thyroid gland to secrete T3 and T4, promotes growth of thyroid gland.
Epinephrine
Secreted by adrenal medulla. Adrenergic catecholamine. High affinity for B1 and B2 receptors.
Norepinephrine
Secreted by adrenal medulla or can be a neurotransmitter. Mainly acts on B1 and A1 receptors.
ADH
Also known as vasopressin. Made in hypothalamus and secreted by posterior pituitary. Stimulated by decreased BP. Causes reabsorption of water, reduces sweating and urine output.
Aldosterone
Secreted by adrenal cortex. Increases sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion. Functions to increase BP
Diabetes
Type I: No production of insulin
Type II: delayed. Decreased tissue sensitivity or decreased insulin production.
Hypermolar hyperglycaemia non-ketotic coma/HHNS
Some glucose entering the cell but insufficient to meet full demands/remove the glucose from the blood.
Diabetic keto acidosis
No glucose reaching the cell. Results in formation of ketone bodies.
Diabetes insipidous
Body has a lack of ADH resulting in polyuria.
Thyroid pathologies
Graves: inflamed thyroid (hyperthyroid)
Thyrotoxic crisis: overstimulation of thyroid production
Myxedema: decreased production of thyroid hormones (hypothyroid)
