Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Toxicology > Toxic Gases > Flashcards

Toxic Gases Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: Ammonia has a characteristic sharp odor.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Is ammonia lighter or heavier than air?

A

Heavier than air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Is ammonia soluble in water?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Humans can detect ammonia in air at what concentration?

At what concentration do their eyes burn?

A
  • 10 ppm

- 25-35 ppm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which species are most susceptible to ammonia toxicity?

A

Livestock: swine, poultry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Exposure to ammonia at what concentration can cause acute death?

A

5000 ppm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ammonia is converted to what strong irritant on mucous membranes?

A

Ammonium hydroxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is ammonia absorbed?

A

Inhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ammonia causes direct irritation where?

A

Mucous membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does ammonia increase susceptibility to?

Due to what?

A
  • Respiratory infections

- Due to continuous irritation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

At what concentration of ammonia do you see a decreased ability to clear bacteria from the lungs?

A

50-75 ppm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

At what concentration of ammonia do you see a decreased growth of young animals?

A

100 ppm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

T/F: Inhalation of large concentrations of ammonia causes pulmonary edema and lung congestion due to decreased permeability of lung capillaries.

A

False - Inhalation of large concentrations of ammonia DOES causes pulmonary edema and lung congestions BUT this is due to INCREASED permeability of lung capillaries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T/F: Ammonia toxicity causes acidosis and compensatory alkalosis.

A

False - Ammonia toxicity causes ALKALOSIS and compensatory ACIDOSIS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What cycle might ammonia inhibit?

A

TCA cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Death from ammonia toxicity might be partly due to what 2 conditions?

A
  • Asphyxia

- Electrolyte and cellular metabolic effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Red mucous membranes, lacrimation, coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge (serous and mucous) and keeping eyes shut are clinical signs seen with what type of toxicosis?

A

Ammonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Decreased growth rate and decreased egg production in birds can be seen with what type of toxicosis?

A

Ammonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What clinical sign may be seen with ammonia toxicity as a result of fluid in the lungs caused by pulmonary edema?

A

Dyspnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are 3 terminal signs that can be seen with ammonia toxicity?

A
  • Cyanosis
  • CNS stimulation
  • Clonic convulsions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

T/F: Chemical analysis are not routinely made with toxic gases.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Inhaled irritants, organophosphates, polychlorinated biphenyls and cardiac glycosides all cause respiratory insufficiency so they are differentials for which toxic gas?

A

Ammonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the main form of treatment for ammonia toxicosis?

A

Remove source of ammonia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is a good treatment for an animal presenting with dyspnea as a result of ammonia toxicosis?

A

Fresh air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What can be given to an animal with ammonia toxicosis in an attempt to prevent secondary infections?
Antibiotics
26
What can be given to treat the pulmonary edema that can be seen with ammonia toxicosis?
Diuretics
27
What is a toxic gas that can be liberated from the decomposition of urine and feces?
Hydrogen sulfide
28
What is a toxic gas that can be a by-product or waste material from industry?
Hydrogen sulfide
29
What is a toxic gas that may be liberated in coal pits, gas wells or sulfur springs?
Hydrogen sulfide
30
What does hydrogen sulfide smell like?
Rotten eggs
31
What color is hydrogen sulfide?
Colorless
32
Is hydrogen sulfide lighter or heavier than air?
Heavier than air
33
T/F: Hydrogen sulfide is flammable.
True
34
Hydrogen sulfide is an irritant because it is converted to what in solution and forms what on contact with moist mucous membranes?
- Sulfuric acid | - Sodium sulfide
35
Which toxic gas reacts with silver, iron, lead and other metals to form black or dark-colored compounds (in the GIT and maybe in tissues)?
Hydrogen Sulfide
36
What are 3 sources of ammonia?
- Decomposing manure - Burning nylon/plastics - Anhydrous ammonia used in fertilizer
37
What type of toxic gas can be found in liquid manure holding pits for swine?
Hydrogen sulfide
38
Which toxic gas is associated with natural gas and crude oil production, some coal deposits, by-product of some industrial applications and burning rubber?
Hydrogen sulfide
39
Which toxic gas is the most dangerous sewage gas?
Hydrogen sulfide
40
Humans can detect hydrogen sulfide in the air at what concentration level?
0.025 ppm
41
Hydrogen sulfide causes ocular irritation at what concentration level?
20 ppm
42
Hydrogen sulfide causes severe symptoms at what concentration level?
50 ppm
43
Olfactory accommodation for hydrogen sulfide is seen at what concentration?
200 ppm
44
Sudden exposure to hydrogen sulfide at what level may be quickly fatal?
400 ppm
45
What concentration of hydrogen sulfide can cause rapid unconsciousness and death in about 1 hour?
1000 ppm
46
Which toxic gas is directly responsible for more deaths in closed animal facilities than any other gas?
Hydrogen sulfide
47
Acute toxic levels for most mammals is what concentration range?
500-800 ppm
48
Hydrogen sulfide concentrations of 4000 ppm did not result in immediate death in what species?
Poultry
49
What are 2 locations where is hydrogen sulfide readily absorbed in the body?
- Lungs | - GIT
50
Hydrogen sulfide is converted to what in the blood?
Alkali sulfides
51
Hydrosulfide radicals are normally oxidized to what and then excreted where?
- Sulfate | - Excreted in urine
52
Some sulfides may be trapped by what in the blood?
Natural disulfides such as glutathione
53
Some sulfide is excreted in feces as what?
Iron sulfide
54
Hydrogen sulfide causes direct irritation of what?
Mucous membranes
55
Hydrogen sulfide inhibits cellular respiration by inhibiting what?
Cytochrome oxidate
56
What concentration range of hydrogen sulfide can cause permanent effects on the nervous system?
50-100 ppm
57
Hydrogen sulfide might stimulate what which can interfere with respiratory drive?
Chemoreceptors of the carotid body
58
Respiratory paralysis after 1-2 breaths can be seen with what concentration of hydrogen sulfide?
Greater than 2000 ppm
59
Large concentrations of which toxic gas may cause sudden collapse, cyanosis, dyspnea, anoxic convulsions and rapid death?
Hydrogen sulfide
60
Lower concentrations of what toxic gas can cause signs of irritation to ocular, respiratory, mucosa and lungs as in ammonia?
Hydrogen sulfide
61
What color is blood with hydrogen sulfide toxicosis? | What else is significant about the blood?
- Blood is dark | - May not clot
62
Tissues may be what color with hydrogen sulfide toxicosis?
Dark or greenish purple

Toxicology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions