Molybdenum Toxicosis Flashcards
What are 2 potential sources of molybdenum toxicosis?
- Excess molybdenum
- Copper deficiency
What are 4 potential sources of excess molybdenum?
- Soil rich in/contaminated with molybdenum
- Plants can accumulate molybdenum from soil
- Industrial contamination
- Molybdenum-containing fertilizers
What are 4 states that can have soil rich in molybdenum?
- Florida
- California
- Oregon
- Nevada
Is molybdenum an essential trace element?
Yes
Molybdenum is a component of what?
Which converts what to what?
- Xanthine oxidase
- Converts purine xanthine to uric acid
What does elevated molybdenum interfere with?
Copper absorption
What does excess molybdenum cause?
Copper deficiency
Which species is most susceptible to molybdenum toxicosis?
Toxicosis has been seen in what other species?
- Cattle
- Sheep
Which 2 species are resistant to molybdenum toxicosis?
- Horses
- Pigs
What can increase molybdenum toxicity?
High levels of dietary sulfate
What can decrease molybdenum toxicity?
Dietary copper
What is the maximum tolerable dietary level of molybdenum?
5-10 ppm
Where is molybdenum absorbed?
GI tract
Where can molybdenum be excreted at toxic levels?
Milk
What can cause molybdenum toxicosis?
Copper deficiency
What is an element that is involved in hematopoeisis, connective tissue metabolism, myelin formation in newborn animals, pigmentation and bone formation?
Copper
Which element is a component in essential enzymes such as cytochrome oxidase and aromatic amino acid-metabolizing enzymes (tyrosinase, dopamine hydroxylase, MAO)?
Copper
Copper-containing proteins (cupreins) inmost aerobic cells have what?
Superoxide dismutase activity
What clinical sign can be seen 8-10 days following molybdenum toxicosis exposure?
Severe diarrhea (greenish with fluids and gas bubbles)
What are 2 other clinical signs that can be seen with molybdenum toxicosis?
- Rough hair coat
- Depigmentation of hair, especially around eyes
Loss of weight, anemia, osteoporosis and exotosis, lameness and pica are clinical signs seen with which toxicosis?
Molybdenum toxicosis
What is a clinical sign of molybdenum toxicosis seen in bulls?
In cows?
- Bulls: Decreased libido
- Cows: Infertility
What is considered an elevated molybdenum level in the blood?
The liver?
- > 0.1 ppm
- > 5 ppm
Copper levels below what in the blood can lead to molybdenum toxicosis?
In the liver?
-
What are 2 forms of treatment for molybdenum toxicosis?
- Copper glycinate SC
- Copper sulfate added to diet
