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Toxicology > Rodenticide > Flashcards

Rodenticide Flashcards

1
Q

Is strychnine a weak acid or a weak base?

A

Weak base

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2
Q

Which rodenticide is an alkaloid form strychnos nux vomica seeds?

A

Strychnine

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3
Q

Which rodenticide is a white powder with a bitter taste that is moderately water soluble?

A

Strychnine

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4
Q

How long can strychnine persist in the environment?

A

Up to 40 days

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5
Q

Which animals are susceptible to strychnine toxicity?

A

All animals are susceptible.

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6
Q

T/F: Cats are most frequently poisoned by strychnine and more sensitive than dogs.

A

False - Dogs most frequently poisoned by strychnine and more sensitive than cats.

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7
Q

What is a toxic dose of strychnine for dogs?

A

0.5-1.2 mg/kg

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8
Q

What is a toxic dose of strychnine for horses, cattle and pigs?

A

0.5 mg/kg

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9
Q

What is a toxic dose of strychnine for cats?

A

2 mg/kg

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10
Q

What is a toxic dose of strychnine for poultry?

A

5 mg/kg

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11
Q

Where is strychnine rapidly absorbed from?

A

GI tract

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12
Q

What will decrease the toxicity of strychnine?

A

Vomiting

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13
Q

Food in the stomach may do what to the strychnine toxicity?

A

Increase or decrease toxicity

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14
Q

Does strychnine accumulate in a particular area?

A

No

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15
Q

Is strychnine highly protein bound?

A

No

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16
Q

Can strychnine cross the BBB?

A

Yes

17
Q

Where is strychnine metabolized?

Excreted and in what form?

A
  • Liver

- Urine as both metabolites and unchanged toxin

18
Q

Does strychnine undergo enterohepatic recirculation?

A

Yes

19
Q

Most of a strychnine dose is eliminated in what amount of time?

A

About 24 hours

20
Q

Which rodenticide blocks the post-synaptic effect of glycine in spinal cord?

A

Strychnine

21
Q

What is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter to motor neurons and interneurons in the spinal cord, brainstem and thalamus?

A

Glycine

22
Q

What are 4 clinical signs that strychnine poisoning can lead to?

A
  • Highly exaggerated reflex arcs
  • Muscle spasm
  • severe extensor rigidity
  • Tonic seizures
23
Q

How fast is the onset of strychnine toxicity?

A

Rapid onset: 10 mins-2 hours

24
Q

What are 3 early signs of strychnine toxicity?

A
  • Apprehension
  • Panting
  • Nausea/vomiting
25
Q

Mydriasis, stiffness, muscle twitching and hyperthermia are clinical signs of what rodenticide toxicity?

A

Strychnine

26
Q

What do the clinical signs of strychnine poisoning progress to?

A

Tonic seizures and opisthotonos

27
Q

What is opisthotonos?

A

Tetanic spasm in which spine and extremities are bent with convexity forward, the body resting on head and heels.

28
Q

What is a clinical sign exhibited by dogs with strychnine poisoning?

A

Sardonic grin

29
Q

Death from strychnine poisoning is due to what?

A

Respiratory failure

30
Q

Are there lesions seen with strychnine poisoning?

A

Generally few or none

31
Q

What are 4 antemortem specimens preferred for chemical detection of strychnine poisoning?

A
  • Stomach contents
  • Bait
  • Serum
  • Urine
32
Q

What 3 things are used to diagnose strychnine poisoning?

A
  • History
  • Clinical signs
  • Lab confirmation
33
Q

What are the 2 main forms of treatment for strychnine poisoning?

A
  • Decontamination

- Supportive/symptomatic care

34
Q

What are 2 forms of decontamination that can be used for strychnine poisoning?

A
  • Emesis if not contraindicated

- Activated charcoal

35
Q

Patients with strychnine poisoning may require what?

A

Sedation for 24-72 hours

36
Q

What are 4 categories of drugs that should be avoided with strychnine poisoning?

A
  • Opioids
  • Phenothiazines
  • Neuromuscular blockers
  • Dissociated anesthetics
37
Q

What is the prognosis for strychnine poisoning?

A

Reasonably good

Toxicology (19 decks)

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