Organic Arsenicals Toxicosis Flashcards
Organic arsenicals are used as what?
Feed additives to improve weight gain and feed efficiency
What are organic arsenicals used for in swine and poultry?
Control enteric infections
Which organic arsenical is mainly used in swine?
In poultry?
- Arsanilic acid
- Roxarsone
What are 2 potential sources for organic arsenical toxicosis?
- Over-dosage or prolonged use
- Recommended concentrations in debilitated, dehydrated or sick animals
What type of toxicosis is a phenylarsonic acid derivative?
Organic arsenicals
Arsenic is in what state?
Pentavalent oxidation state
Are organic pentavalent arsenicals more or less toxic than inorganic arsenic?
Less toxic
What is the recommended dose of arsanilic acid when used as a growth promoter in swine and poultry?
50-100 ppm
What is the recommended dose of arsanilic acid when used to control swine dysentery?
How long is it given?
- 250-400 ppm
- 5-6 days
What concentration of arsanilic acid causes toxicosis in swine?
500 ppm or 7-10 days
What is the recommended concentration of roxarsone for a growth promoter in poultry?
In swine?
- 25-50 ppm
- 25-37.5 ppm
What is the recommended concentration of roxarsone for control of swine dysentery?
How long is it given?
- 200 ppm
- 5-6 days
What concentration of roxarsone causes toxicosis in swine?
250 ppm for 7-10 days
What are 3 conditions that can enhance organic arsenical toxicity?
- Dehydration
- Water deprivation
- Renal insufficiency
A small amount of organic arsenicals is absorbed where?
GI tract
How are organic arsenicals excreted?
Unchanged in urine
What is the MOA for organic arsenicals?
Unknown
Organic arsenical toxicosis can cause what?
What else can cause this?
- Peripheral nerve demyelination and axonal damage
- Vitamin B deficiency
Onset of acute arsanilic acid toxicosis in swine is seen in what time frame?
3-5 days
Incoordination, ataxia, then partial paralysis while still maintaining a good appetite can be seen with what kind of toxicosis in swine?
Arsanilic acid
Can blindness develop with arsanilic acid, roxarsone, or both?
Arsanilic acid
Erythema and sensitivity to sunlight can be seen with which toxicosis?
Arsanilic acid
Gradual onset of blindness and partial paralysis can be seen with which form of toxicosis, even though the pigs are still eating and drinking?
Chronic arsanilic acid toxicosis
What are 4 clinical signs that can be seen with arsanilic acid toxicosis in poultry?
- Anorexia
- Depression
- Coma
- Death
Sudden onset, marked hyperexcitability, tremors, collapse, coma and maybe death in swine can be seen with which organic arsenical?
What is not seen?
- Roxarsone
- No blindness
What are 2 clinical signs of roxarsone toxicosis in poultry?
- Incoordination
- Ataxia
What lesions might be seen with organic arsenical toxicosis in swine?
Erythema in light-skin pigs
What might be seen in chronic cases of organic arsenical toxicosis?
Muscle atrophy
What are 3 changes that can be seen microscopically with organic arsenical toxicosis?
- Peripheral and optic nerve degeneration
- Demyelination
- Gliosis
What are 3 specimens that can be used for chemical analysis in organic arsenical toxicosis?
- Suspected feed
- Liver
- Kidney
What is distinctive about organic arsenical toxicosis that can be used in making a diagnosis?
Microscopic peripheral nerve demyelination
What are 4 differential diagnoses for arsanilic acid toxicosis in swine?
- Subacute selenium toxicosis (paralysis w/o blindness)
- Organic mercury (seizure)
- Vitamin B complex deficiency
- Infectious disease
What are 2 differential diagnoses for roxarsone toxicosis in swine?
- Pesticides
- Water deprivation-sodium ion toxicosis
Is there any specific antidote for organic arsenical toxicosis?
No
What are 2 things that are done for the treatment of organic arsenical toxicosis?
- Withdrawal of organic arsenicals
- Supportive therapy
How long can recovery from organic arsenical toxicosis take?
2-4 weeks
