Intro

Question 1

What are 2 main aspects of clinical toxicology?

Answer 1

• Diagnosis

- Treatment

Question 2

T/F: Drugs can be poisons and poisons can be drugs.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What is the difference between drugs and poisons?

Answer 3

The dose is the difference.

Question 4

What are foreign chemicals that the body does not produce?

Answer 4

Xenobiotics

Question 5

Are drugs and poisons xenobiotics?

Answer 5

Yes

Question 6

What is one of the most common sources of animal toxicants?

Answer 6

Human drugs

Question 7

What is any substance that when applied or introduced into the body may interfere with life processes or biological functions of the cells of the animal?

Answer 7

Poison (toxicant)

Question 8

What are 4 natural sources of poisons?

Answer 8

• Plant
• Animal
• Mineral
• Fungi/bacteria

Question 9

What is a poison from a biologic process known as?

Answer 9

Toxin (biotoxin)

Question 10

What term is used to describe the deleterious or undesirable effects of poisons?

Answer 10

Toxic

Question 11

What is the term used for the disease caused by exposure to a poison?

Answer 11

Toxicosis (poisoning or intoxication)

Question 12

What is the term used for the amount of a poison that under certain circumstances will cause toxic effects?

Answer 12

Toxicity

Question 13

How is toxicity usually expressed in mammals?

Answer 13

LD50 (lethal dose 50) in mg/kg body weight

Question 14

How is toxicity expressed in birds?

In fish?

Answer 14

• LC50 (lethal concentration fifty) in mg/kg feed

- LC50 in mg/liter water

Question 15

What is the effect of a single dose or multiple doses during a 24-hour period?

Answer 15

Acute toxicity

Question 16

What is the effect produced by daily exposure from one day to 30 days?

Answer 16

Subacute toxicity

Question 17

What is the effect of exposure from 30 days to 90 days?

Answer 17

Subchronic toxicity

Question 18

What is the effect produced by daily exposure for a period of 3 months or more?

Answer 18

Chronic toxicity

Question 19

What is the ratio between acute LD50 and chronic LD50 known as?

Answer 19

Chronicity factor

Question 20

What is the range for extremely toxic?

Answer 20

1 mg/kg or less

Question 21

What is the range for highly toxic?

Answer 21

> 1-50 mg/kg

Question 22

What is the range for moderately toxic?

Answer 22

> 50-500 mg/kg

Question 23

What is the range for slightly toxic?

Answer 23

> 0.5-5 g/kg

Question 24

What is the range for practically non-toxic?

Answer 24

> 5-15 g/kg

Question 25

What is the range for relatively harmless?

Answer 25

> 15 g/kg

Question 26

What is the highest or largest dose which does not result in undesirable or toxic alterations?

Answer 26

Highest non-toxic dose (HNTD)

Question 27

What does MTD stand for?

Answer 27

Maximum Tolerated Dose or Minimal Toxic Dose

Question 28

What does HNTD stand for?

Answer 28

Highest Non-Toxic Dose

Question 29

What does TDL stand for?

Answer 29

Toxic Dose Low

Question 30

What does TDH stand for?

Answer 30

Toxic Dose High

Question 31

What is similar to the highest non-toxic dose?

Answer 31

Maximum tolerated dose/minimal toxic dose

Question 32

What is the science of poisons?

Answer 32

Toxicology

Question 33

What is the lowest dose which produces toxic alterations but administering twice this dose will not cause death?

Answer 33

Toxic Dose Low (TDL)

Question 34

What is the dose which produces toxic alterations and administering twice this dose will result in death?

Answer 34

Toxic Dose High (TDH)

Question 35

What is the amount of a chemical that can be ingested without causing any deaths, illness or toxic alterations in any of the animals for the stated period?

Answer 35

No-effect level (maximum non-toxic level)

Question 36

What is the No-effect level also known as?

Answer 36

Maximum non-toxic level

Question 37

What is the dose that causes death in any animal during the period of observation?

Answer 37

Lethal Dose

Question 38

What is the highest dose that does not cause any death?

Answer 38

LD0

Question 39

What is the dose that kills 50% of animals in a group?

Answer 39

LD50

Question 40

What is the lowest dose that kills all the animals in a group?

Answer 40

LD100

Question 41

The danger from the possibility of exposure is known as what?

Answer 41

Hazard (risk)

Question 42

Can a poison be highly toxic but not hazardous?

Answer 42

Yes

Question 43

What can be calculated as the ratio between toxicity and use level?

Answer 43

Risk Factor