Topic 9 - Primary skin lesions.

Question 1

Definition of primary skin lesion:

Answer 1

The initial eruption that develops spontaneously as a direct reflection of underlying disease. They may appear quickly and then disappear rapidly

Question 2

Name primary lesions:

Answer 2

1. macule,patch
2. papule, plaque
3. pustule, abscess
4. vesicule, bulla
5. cyst
6. wheal/urtica
7. nodule
   (8. tumour)
8. Tuber
9. Angioedema

Question 3

Defintition of macule:

Answer 3

a circumscibed, nonpalpable spot up to 1 cm in diameter and characterized by a change in the color of the skin

Question 4

Definition of patch:

Answer 4

a macule larger than 1 cm in size

Question 5

What is a macule or a patch caused by?

Answer 5

Can be: Pigment or vascular

Question 6

Type of pigment causing macule or patch:

Answer 6

Melanin pigment
Local haemorrhages

Question 7

Examples of melanin pigment:

Answer 7

melanoderma, naevus, vitiligo,
postinflammatory
hypo-hyperpigmentation

Question 8

Examples of local haemorrhages:

Answer 8

petechia (pinpoint)
purpura (bleeding into skin)
vibex (line-form)
ecchymoses, suffusio (>1 cm)
sugillatio

Question 9

Two main categories of vascular patch or macules:

Answer 9

Functional or anatomical

Question 10

Functional vascular patch or macules:

Answer 10

Can be wither active or passive hyperaemia

Question 11

Anatomical vascular patch or macules:

Answer 11

Can be either hyperplastic or aplastic

Question 12

Definition papula:

Answer 12

a small solid elevation of the skin up to 1 cm in diameter that can always be palpated as a solid mass. Many papules are pink or red swelling produced by tissue infiltration or inflammatory cells in the dermis, by intraepidermal and
subepidermal edema or by epidermal hypertrophy. They may involve or not involve hair follicules

Question 13

Examples of papula:

Answer 13

erythematous papules

Question 14

In which diseases can we see erythematous papules?

Answer 14

• scabies
• FAD
• superficial bacterial folliculitis!!
• allergic contact dermatitis

Question 15

Definition of plaque:

Answer 15

a larger, flat-topped elevation formed by the extension or coalition of papules

Question 16

Give an example of plaque:

Answer 16

eosinophil granuloma complex in cats

Question 17

Definition of a nodule:

Answer 17

a circumscribed, solid elevation greater than 1 cm in diameter that usually extend into deeper
layers of the skin

Question 18

Definition of tuber:

Answer 18

Inflammatory elevation of papillary zone of
skin or mucous membrane with different shape and size

Question 19

What causes a nodule?

Answer 19

Result from massive
infiltration of inflammatory or neoplastic cells into the dermis or subcutis.

Deposition of fibrin or crystalline material also
produces nodules

Question 20

Definition of a tumour:

Answer 20

a large mass that may involve any structure of the skin or subcutaneous tissue. Most tumors are neoplastic or granulomatous in origin

Question 21

Definition of wheal/urtica:

Answer 21

a sharply circumscribed raised lesion
consisting of edema that usually appears and disappears
within minutes or hours

Question 26

Definition of Angioedema:

Answer 26

A huge hive of a distensible region such as the lips or eyelids

Question 27

Definition of a vesicle:

Answer 27

a sharply circumscribed elevation of the epidermis filled with clear fluid.
Can be intraepidermal or subepidermal
Lesions up to 1 cm in diameter

Question 28

why does vesicles occur?

Answer 28

They occur in viral and autoimmune dermatoses, or in dermatitis caused by irritants

Rarely seen in dogs and cats

Question 29

Definition of Bullae:

Answer 29

Blisters larger than 1 centimeter wide

Question 30

Definition of a cyst:

Answer 30

an epithelium-lined cavity containing fluid or a solid material. It is smooth, well-circumscribed, fluctuant to solid mass.

Question 31

Definition of a pustule:

Answer 31

a small, circumscribed elevation of the epidermis that is filled with pus.
Their color is
usually yellow but may be green or red.
Pustules may be
intraepidermal, subepidermal and follicular

Question 32

Definition of abscess:

Answer 32

a demarcated fluctuant lesion resulting from a dermal or subcutaneous accumulation of pus. The pus is not visible on the
surface of the skin until it
drains to the surface.
Abscesses are larger and
deeper than pustules

Question 33

Name lesions that can be both primary and secondary:

Answer 33

1. Alopecia
2. Scale
3. Crust
4. Follicular casts
5. Comedo
6. Pigmentary abnormalities

Question 34

Definition of alopecia:

Answer 34

loss of hair and may vary from partial to complete
Can be primary or secondary

Question 35

Primary alopecia:

Answer 35

due to endocrin disorders, follicular dysplasias

Question 36

Secondary alopecia:

Answer 36

due to trauma or inflammation

Question 37

Definition of scale:

Answer 37

an accumulation of loose fragments of the horny
layer of the skin (cornified cells).
Can be primary or secondary.

Question 38

Look of scale:

Answer 38

Flakes vary greatly in consistency; they can appear branny, fine, powdery, flaky, platelike, greasy, dry, loose, adhering, or „nitlike”. The color varies from white, silver, yellow, or brown to gray

Question 39

Primary scales:

Answer 39

Due to color dilution alopecia
primer idiopathic seborrhoa,
follicular dysplasia

Question 40

Secondary scales:

Answer 40

Due to chronic inflammation

Question 41

Definition of crust:

Answer 41

is formed when dried exudate, serum, pus, blood, cells, scales, or medications adhere to the surface.
Unusually thick crusts are found in hairy areas because the dried material tends to adhere
more tightly than in glabrous skin.
Have primary and secondary

Question 42

Primary crusts:

Answer 42

Due to primary idiopathic seborrhea

Question 43

Secondary crust:

Answer 43

Due to pyoderma, fly strike, pruritus

Question 44

Definition of comedo:

Answer 44

pores or hair follicles that have gotten blocked and form a bump on your skin.
Have primary and secondary

Question 45

Primary comedo:

Answer 45

Initial lesion of feline acne and may predispose the skin to other diseases

Question 46

Which disease can primary comedo predispose to?

Answer 46

1. bacterial folliculitis
2. infection with Demodex and
   dermatophytosis
3. vitamin A-responsive dermatosis
4. Schnauzer comedo syndrome
5. Cushing’s disease
6. sex hormon dermatoses
7. idiopathic seborrhea disorderes

Question 47

Secondary comedo:

Answer 47

to seborrheic skin disease, to occlusion with greasy medications, or to the administration of systemic or topical corticosteroids

Question 48

Definition of follicular cast:

Answer 48

an accumulation of keratin and
follicular material that adheres to the hair shaft extending above the surface of the follicular ostia
Have primary and secondary

Question 49

Primary follicular cast:

Answer 49

1. vitamin A-responsive dermatoses
2. primary idiopathic seborrhea
3. sebaceous adenitis

Question 50

Secondary follicular cast:

Answer 50

demodectic mange and dermatophytosis

Question 51

Definition of abnormal pigmentation:

Answer 51

skin coloration caused by a variety of pigments but most commonly melanin, which is responsible for many skin colors. Have both hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation

Question 52

Definition of hypopigmentation:

Answer 52

Loss of epidermal melanin. Have both primary and secondary, secondary due to postinflammatory changes.

Question 53

Definition of hyperpigmentation:

Answer 53

increased epidermal and ,
occasionally, dermal melanin. Melanophages may be found in the superficial dermis.
Have primary and secondary, secondary due to postinflammatory changes, trauma