Topic 16 - Examination of the larynx and the trachea. Examination of the cough, cough induction. Flashcards
Which structures to examine for the respiratory tract?
- Nose and paranasal sinuses
- Coughing
- Larynx and pharynx
- Trachea
- Thorax
Methods for external examination of larynx and pharynx:
Inspection
Palpation
Ausultation
Additional examination of larynx and pharynx:
X-ray
Endoscopy
CT, MRI
Parameters to examine during external inspection examination:
- Skin
- Deformity
- Swelling
- Symmetricy
Parameters to examine during external palpation examination:
- Form
- Outline
- Muscles
- Surface of the larynx
- Abnormal masses
- Compression ability and press sensitivity of the arytenoids
- Temperature
- Painfulness
- Fremitus (vibration)
Normal sound when auscultating the larynx and pharynx:
Normally weak stridor under inspiration and expiration
Methods for internal examination of larynx and pharynx:
Inspection
Which parts do we inspect on the internal examination of larynx and pharynx?
Epiglottis
Nasopharynx
Tonsilla
Parameters to examine of the nasopharynx:
-symmetry and synchronous movementof the arytenoids
-rimaglottidis
-color, capillaries and deformation of mucous membranes
Parameters to examine of the tonsilla:
*size, shape
*semilunarfold
*colour
*surface
*symmetry
Tonsillitis
Methods of examination of the trachea:
- External inspection
- Palpation
- Auscultation
Additional examination methods of the trachea
X-ray
Endoscopy
CT, MR
Tracheal fluid sampling
Tracheal fluid analysis
Which instruments can we use to perform tracheal fluid sampling?
Endoscopy or trans-tracheal aspiration
What can we examine with tracheal fluid analysis?
quality
cytological
bacteriologic
mycologica
virologic
parasitologicexamination
Definition of coughing:
Important reflex by which the respiratory system protects itself against injury and foreign material
which areas can we provoke coughing?
the reflex can occur via stimulation of the airways anywhere from the larynx to the larger bronchi
Which parameters do we examine during coughing?
- Origin
- Frequency
- Strength
- Tone
- Occurrence
- Duration
- Secretion content
- Painfull
- Deepness
- Localization
Remember: Of Fuck Sake Tony Only Dance So People Dance
Parameters to examine origin of cough:
spontaneous or stimulated?
Parameters to examine frequency of cough:
rare, frequent
Parameters to examine strength of cough:
Weak, medium intense, intense
Parameters to examine tone of cough:
Sharp, dull, barking, rattling, roaring, hoarse
Parameters to examine occurrence of cough:
during night/mornings, continuously, special environment
Parameters to examine duration of cough:
short, medium long, long, held
Parameters to examine secretion content of cough:
Dry, medium wet, wet
Parameters to examine deepness of cough:
Superficial, deep or medium deep
Name different causes for an animal to cough:
- Larynx paralysis
- Tracheitis
- Trachea collapse
- Lung emphysema
- Chronic bronchitis
- Pneumonia
- Cardiac disease
What will the cough sound like in case of larynx paralysis?
Deep, long, hars
What will the cough sound like in case of tracheitis?
Loud, explosive, barking like
What will the cough sound like in case of tracheal collapse?
Goose honking cough
What will the cough sound like in case of lung emphysema?
Short, weak, dry
What will the cough sound like in case of chronic bronchitis?
Short, weak and dry
What will the cough sound like in case of pneumonia?
Soft
What will the cough sound like in case of cardiac disease?
Wet, hacking cough
How to induce a cough?
pressing the tracheal rings or pressing the thorax very rapidly during expiration
Characteristics for induced cough:
Medium held
unsnapping
medium intensive
medium deep
dry
sharp
painless
does not recur
