Topic 4 - The basic clinical values and their pathological changes in dogs and cats.

Question 1

What do we measure as basic clinical values?

Answer 1

• Temperature
• Pulse rate
• Breathing rate
• CRT

Question 2

Normal temperature of a dog:

Answer 2

38.2 - 39.1

Question 3

Normal temperature of a cat:

Answer 3

38.5 - 39.3

Question 4

Causes for increased temperature:

Answer 4

Sun
Work
Excitement
Inflammation
Heat stroke

Question 5

Causes for decreased temperature:

Answer 5

Cool surroundings
Cachexia
Open anus
Hypovolemic shock

Question 6

Normal pulse rate for dog:

Answer 6

60/70 - 140 at clinic
up to 180 is not abnormal

At home = 60-70

Question 7

Normal pulse rate for newborn dog:

Answer 7

150 - 200

Question 8

Normal pulse rate for cat:

Answer 8

140-180 at clinic
up to 200 could be normal

At home= 120 - 130

Question 9

Normal pulse rate for newborn cat:

Answer 9

200 - 250

Question 10

What can change the pulse rate of the animals?

Answer 10

• Depending on the specie, breed, age, sex
• Training

Question 11

Normal breathing rate for dog:

Answer 11

15-30 breaths per minute

Question 12

Normal breathing rate for newborn dog:

Answer 12

30 - 40 breaths per minute

Question 13

Normal breathing rate for cat:

Answer 13

20-30 breaths per minute

Question 14

Normal breathing rate for newborn cat:

Answer 14

35-45 breaths per minute

Question 15

What is increased breathing called?

Answer 15

Tachypnoea

Question 16

What is decreased breathing called?

Answer 16

Bradypnea

Question 17

Causes of tachypnoea:

Answer 17

• Fever
• Narrowing airways
  (inflammation, foreign body, oedema, pneumonia)
• Central nervous irritation
  -Decreased oxygen to the blood

Question 18

Causes of Bradypnea:

Answer 18

• Oedema of the brain
• Toxicosis
• Encephalitis

Question 19

What is CRT?

Answer 19

capillary refill time

Question 20

Normal CRT:

Answer 20

below 2 ( <2 )