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Small Animal medicine 1 - Oral > Topic 21 - Adventitious respiratory sounds. > Flashcards

Topic 21 - Adventitious respiratory sounds. Flashcards

1
Q

When can we hear adventitious respiratory sounds?

A

Can never be heard under normal conditions !!

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2
Q

Name Adventitious sonds:

A
  1. Non-musical ronchi
    Crepitation
    Crackling sound
    Rattling sound
  2. Musical ronchi
    Whistling
    Wheezing
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3
Q

Description of non-musical ronchi:

A

Sudden arising and stopping sounds

Sounds like: crackles or rales

Previously called Moist(wet) ronchi

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4
Q

What can be a cause of hearing non-musical ronchi?

A

The sound occur on areas where it is filled with fluid instead of gasses

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5
Q

Description of crepitation

A

Sound like: coarse crackles

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6
Q

Similar sound to crepitation

A

Hair-rubbing

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7
Q

What can be a cause of crepitation sound?

A

It affects the Bronchioli opening and closing

Can be:
- emphysema
- broncho- pneumonia
- Chronic bronchitits

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8
Q

Sound similar to crackling sound:

A

Burning wood

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9
Q

What can be a cause of crackling sound?

A

It affects the Bronchiole opening and closing

Can be:
- emphysema
- Broncho- pneumonia
- Chronic bronchitis

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10
Q

Description of rattling sound:

A

sound like fine crackles

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11
Q

Similar sound of rattling:

A

Sucking coke with a straw

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12
Q

What can be a cause of rattling sound:

A

Moving fluid in trachea or bronchi

Can be:
Lung edema

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13
Q

Description of musical ronchi:

A

Continuous sound

Sounds like wheezes

Previously named: Dry bronchi

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14
Q

What can be a cause of muscial ronchi?

A

Narrowed airways

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15
Q

Description of whistling sound:

A

High muscical sound, a whistling sound

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16
Q

What can be a cause of whistling sound:

A

Accelerated ariflow

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17
Q

Description of wheezing:

A

Low musical sound, “fog-horn” sound

18
Q

What can be a cause for wheezing sound?

A

Vibration of the airway walls

Can be: COPD

19
Q

Name other abnormal sounds heard over the thorax:

A
  1. Stridor
  2. Rubbing
  3. Splashing
  4. Metallic sound
20
Q

Description of stridor:

A

Stong stenotic sound, heard during inspiration

21
Q

Cause of stridor:

A

Upper airway stenosis

22
Q

Description of rubbing sound:

A

Sounds like hand scratching or snow cracking

23
Q

Cause for rubbing sound:

A

Rubbing of pleural surfaces

Can be:
Dry pleuritis

24
Q

Description of splashing:

A

Due to gas and fluid movement, sounds like someone shaking a water bottle

25
Q

Cause for splashing sound:

A

gas/fluid in cavities

Can be:
Ichorous pericarditis
Pleuritis

26
Q

Description for metallic sound:

A

Fluid drops on fluid, have a “plom-plom” sound

27
Q

Cause for metallic sound:

A

Ichorous exudate in
cavernss

Can be:
aspiration pneumonia

28
Q

Which paramters do we use to describe the adventitious respiratiry sounds:

A
  1. Place
  2. Strengt
  3. Type
  4. Respiratory phase when heard
  5. Temporary or permanent
29
Q

Name the different types of adventitious respiratory sounds:

A
  1. Non-musical ronchi
  2. Muscial ronchi
30
Q

Describe non-musical ronchi:

A

Sudden arising or stopping sound

31
Q

What causes non-musical ronchi?

A

Caused by an abrupt opening of bronchi and also vibration of the small bronchial wall

32
Q

Which sounds belong to the non-musical ronchi?

A
  1. Crepitation
  2. Crackling
  3. Rattling sound
33
Q

Non-musical ronchi is further divided into subgroups, name them:

A
  1. Early inspiratory or expiratory crepitation and crackling
  2. Late inspiratory crepitation and crackling
34
Q

Cause for Early inspiratory or expiratory crepitation and crackling:

A

Obstruction of bronchi that are bigger then 2mm

  • Bronchopneumonia
  • COPD
35
Q

Cause for Late inspiratory crepitation and crackling:

A

Compressio of the bronchi less than 2 mm

  • Pulmonary edema
  • interstitial oedema
  • Neoplasms
36
Q

Describe musical ronchi:

A

Continuous sound

37
Q

What causes musical ronchi?

A

Occur in patients with obstructive lung disease

The walls begin to vibrate between inspiration and expiration and produce a musical tone

38
Q

Which sounds belong to musical ronchi?

A

Whistling
Wheezing

39
Q

Depending on when we hear musical ronchi, it can have different causes. Name the situations we can hear musical ronchi:

A
  • During inspiration: extrathoracal
  • During late inspiration: Intrathoracal resonant sound
  • During expiration: Intrathoracal resonant sound
40
Q

what causes musical ronchi during inspiration?

A

caused by upper airway
obstruction - laryngeal paralysis

41
Q

what causes musical ronchi during late inspiration?

A

originate from bronchial compression caused by „enlarged” lung parenchyma

42
Q

what causes musical ronchi during expiration?

A

originate from obstruction (inflammatory fluid, tissue thickening) of the bronchi and
bronchioli
Can be:
- COPD
- Bronchopneumonia

Small Animal medicine 1 - Oral (45 decks)

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