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Anatomy > Topic 9: Integumentary System > Flashcards

Topic 9: Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the system consist of?

A 
— consists of:
o skin
o hair, nails, glands
o sense receptors (nervous)
o muscles
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2
Q

List the layers of the skin

A

2 layers

  • epidermis
  • dermis
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3
Q

epidermis

A

upper layer

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4
Q

dermis

A

lower layer

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5
Q

hypodermis

A

below skin

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6
Q

Is the hypodermis part of the skin?

A

NO

below the skin

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7
Q

List the characteristics of the Epidermis

A

— stratified squamous epithelium (from ectoderm)
— avascular
— separated into 4-5 strata (sub-layers) based on cell types:

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8
Q

List the sub- layers of the epidermis:

A 
o Stratum Basale
o Stratum Spinosum
o Stratum Granulosum
o Stratum Lucidum
o Stratum corneum
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9
Q

Stratum Basale

A

— single row of cells
— 2 cell types
i. keratinocytes (90%)
ii. melanocytes (10%)

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10
Q

keratinocytes

A

— undergo mitosis
— make keratin (tough protein)
— migrate to surface as new cells produced in basale

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11
Q

melanocytes

A

10%)
— produce pigment (melanin) for UV light protection

o e.g. sunburns, wrinkles (collagen damage),
cancer (DNA damage)

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12
Q

skin colour

A

o we all have the same relative number of
melanocytes, but cells produce different
amounts/shades of melanin

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13
Q

albinos

A

no melanin

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14
Q

blood (hemoglobin

A

in dermis can give a

pinkish tinge to fair skinned people

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15
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A

limited cell division

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16
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A

contains dark staining granules

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17
Q

Stratum Lucidum

A

— flat, dead cells (too far from blood supply)

— visible ONLY in thick skin

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18
Q

Stratum corneum

A

— 20 - 30 layers of flat dead cells filled with keratin (tough protein),
surrounded by waterproofing glycolipid (prevents water loss)
— shed and replaced from below

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19
Q

Describe the characteristics of the dermis

A

— contains blood vessels, nerves, glands, hair follicles
— 2 sub-layers (CT – from mesoderm):
o Papillary Layer
o Reticular Layer

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20
Q

Papillary Layer

A

(beneath epidermis)
— areolar CT
— vascular
— has projection into epidermis = dermal papillae
o in thick skin these form epidermal ridges = fingerprints
(improve grip

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21
Q

Reticular Layer

A

— most of dermis

— dense irregular CT

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22
Q

dermal papillae

A

has projection into epidermis

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23
Q

Describe the Hypodermis

A

(NOT part of skin)

— subcutaneous layer; under
— superficial fascia; not deep so above

— adipose CT below skin
o stores 1⁄2 of body’s adipose tissue (insulation

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24
Q

Fascia

A

CT layers that surround and support organs

25
Q

What does thick vs thin skin refer to?

A

refers to epidermis (not dermis)

26
Q

Thin Skin

A

— lucidum not apparent

— has hair follicles, sebaceous glands, arrector pili muscles

27
Q

Thick Skin

A

— found on the palm of the hand and the sole of the foot
— lucidum visible
— no hair follicles, sebaceous glands, or arrector pili muscles

28
Q

Epidermal Derivatives

A

ALL derived (formed) from the epidermis

29
Q

List the epidermal derivatives:

A
  1. hair
  2. nails
  3. skin exocrine glands
30
Q

Hair

A

— all dead cells

31
Q

List the parts of hair

A

a) root
b) shaft
c) hair follicle

32
Q

Root

A

dead cells below the surface of the skin

33
Q

Shaft

A

above the skin surface

34
Q

Hair follicle

A

surrounds the root

  • epithelial root sheath
  • bulb
  • matrix
35
Q

epithelial root sheath

A

several epidermal layers extend into the dermis

36
Q

bulb

A

expanded region at base of root

37
Q

matrix

A

single layer of cells (derived from basale cells) - site of hair
growth and melanin for hair colour

38
Q

List what is associated with each hair follicle

A

a) outer CT sheath
b) hair papilla
c) root hair plexus
d) sebaceous (oil) gland
e) arrector pili muscle (smooth muscle)

39
Q

outer CT sheath

A

holds follicle in place (formed from the dermis)

40
Q

hair papilla

A

extends upward beneath matrix
o contains blood supply for growing hair
o formed from dermi

41
Q

root hair plexus

A
  • free nerve ending (touch)
42
Q

sebaceous (oil) gland

A
  • opens into follicle
43
Q

arrector pili muscle (smooth muscle)

A
  • causes “goosebumps”
44
Q

Nails

A 
— very heavily keratinized epidermal cells
— consists of:
o nail root (buried in skin)
o body (visible portion)
o free edge
45
Q

List the skin exocrine glands

A

a) sebaceous glands
b) sudoriferous glands
c) ceruminous glands
d) mammary glands

46
Q

sebaceous glands

A

— connected mainly to hair follicles
— secretes sebum (oily - mix of fats, salts, proteins)

o softens, lubricates hair and skin, prevents drying out, antibioti

47
Q

sudoriferous glands

A 
— sweat glands
— secretory portions in dermis of thick and thin skin
— ducts open onto skin surface
— act to:
o cool the body body
o antibiotic (acidic)
o remove wastes (urea, etc.)
48
Q

ceruminous glands

A

— modified sweat glands
— in ear canal
— produce ear wax - prevents insects etc from entering

49
Q

mammary glands

A

— modified sweat glands

— produce milk

50
Q

receptor

A

sensory neuron (part of NS

51
Q

Cutaneous Sense Receptors

A

specialized cell that responds to stimuli (touch, temp., pain)

52
Q

List the 4 major types of cutaneous sense receptors

A

1) Touch Receptors
2) Pressure Receptors
3) Thermoreceptors
4) Nociceptors

53
Q

Touch Receptors

A 
a) free nerve endings
• in epidermis
b) Root Hair Plexuses
c) Meissner’s Corpuscles
• in dermal papillae
• corpuscle
54
Q

corpuscle

A

= connective tissue capsule surrounding nerve ending

55
Q

Pressure Receptors

A

a) free nerve endings
• in dermis

b) Pacinian corpuscles
• deep in dermis or hypodermis

56
Q

3) Thermoreceptors

A

• free nerve endings for temperature

57
Q

Nociceptors

A
  • free nerve endings for pain

* 3rd degree burns = no pain because nociceptors destroyed

58
Q

Describe which layers get damaged in a first second and third degree burn

A 
1st= epidermis 
2= dermis 
3= hypodermis
59
Q

When we get a cut which layer of the skin have we reached?

A

dermis- bc vacular

Anatomy (19 decks)

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