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Gross Anatomy II > Tongue > Flashcards

Tongue Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of tissue covers the tongue?

A

mucosa

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2
Q

The tongue is divided into two region. What are the two regions and what defines the division?

A

the tongue is divided into the body (anterior 2/3) and the base (posterior 1/3). The two regions are separate by the terminal sulcus

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3
Q

What is the terminal sulcus of the tongue?

A

it is a V-shaped line dividing the body and base of the tongue. It is the result of the two regions of the tongue having 2 different developmental origins that fuse.

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4
Q

What is the shallow depression at the midline of the terminal sulcus called and what is its developmental origin?

A

it is called the foramen cecum and it is the origin of the thyroid gland primordium

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5
Q

What is the depression in the midline of the body (anterior 2/3) of the tongue called?

A

dorsal median sulcus

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6
Q

Where are lingual papillae located on the tongue?

A

anterior 2/3 of the dorsum of the tongue

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7
Q

The most numerous type of lingual papillae that are pointed apically?

A

filiform papillae

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8
Q

The rounded, mushroom-like lingual papillae?

A

fungiform papillae

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9
Q

The large lingual papillae that are distributed in a V-shaped pattern just anterior to the terminal sulcus?

A

circumvallate papillae

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10
Q

How many circumvallate papillae are there usually?

A

8-12

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11
Q

Which lingual papillae have mucosal glands called Von Ebner’s glands associated with them?

A

circumvallate papillae

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12
Q

The ridge like lingual papillae located on the posterolateral surfaces of the tongue?

A

foliate papillae

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13
Q

Which of the 4 lingual papillae contain taste buds?

A

all but the filiform, so circumvallate, fungiform and foliate

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14
Q

Where other than the lingual papillae are taste buds found?

A

palate and epiglottis

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15
Q

Are the number of taste buds constant throughout life?

A

no, they diminish with age

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16
Q

The posterior 1/3 of the tongue is also called……

A

the pharyngeal tongue because it faces posteriorly towards the pharynx

17
Q

What covers the surface of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

lingual tonsils

18
Q

What are lingual tonsils?

A

aggregates of lymphoid tissue in the mucosa of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

19
Q

What borders the pharyngeal tongue at the base?

A

the epiglottis

20
Q

The depressions located between the posterior base of the tongue and the root of the epiglottis?

A

epiglottic valleculae (vallecula = valley in Latin)

21
Q

What nerve provides general sensory innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and what is it a branch of?

A

lingual nerve, a branch of mandibular nerve (V3)

22
Q

What nerve provides taste innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

facial nerve (CN VII) via the corda tympani

23
Q

What nerve provides general sensory innervation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

24
Q

What nerve provides taste innervation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

25
Q

All but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue are innervated by what nerve? Which muscle is the exception and what is it innervated by?

A

all are innervated by hypoglossal nerve (CNXII) except palatoglossus muscle which is innervated by the same nerve that innervates most of the muscle of the pharynx, vagus nerve (CNX)

26
Q

The fan shaped extrinsic tongue muscle that protracts the tongue?

A

genioglossus muscle

27
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the genioglossus muscle?

A

O: inner surface of mentum of mandible
I: body of tongue and body of hyoid bone

28
Q

What is the origin of styloglossus?

A

styloid process of the temporal bone

29
Q

What is the origin of hyoglossus?

A

greater Cornu of the hyoid bone

30
Q

What ist he origin of palatoglossus?

A

lateral portion of the palate

31
Q

What is the action of genioglossus?

A

bilateral contraction: protraction and depression of the tongue
unilateral contraction: protraction and contralateral deviation

32
Q

What is the action of styloglossus?

A

elevate and retract the tongue

33
Q

What is the action of hyoglossus?

A

depress and protract the tongue

34
Q

What is the action of palatoglossus?

A

fauces sphincter and elevate tongue

Gross Anatomy II (22 decks)

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