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Gross Anatomy II > ANS and PNS > Flashcards

ANS and PNS Flashcards

1
Q

Somatic Efferents include how many neurons between CNS and effector?

A

One

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2
Q

Visceral efferent is how many neurons between CNS and effector?

A

Two

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3
Q

Name the two efferents A and B

A

A. Somatic Efferents – One neuron between CNS and effector

B. Visceral Efferents – Two neurons between CNS and effector

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4
Q

Name the two divisions of the ANS (A and B) as well as their path.

A

A. Sympathetic: Via T1-L2 spinal nerves
B. Parasympathetic: Via CN 3, 7, 9, 10 and S2-S4 spinal nerves

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5
Q

This image represents the paravertebral ganglia. Name the two points labeled as well as what trunk/chain they make up.

A

Paravertebral (chain) ganglia and Interganglionic nerves make up the Sympathetic trunk/chain

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6
Q

Name the 3 chain ganglia:

A

Superior cervical ganglion

Middle cervical ganglion

Inferior cervical ganglion

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7
Q

What is the level of the inferior cervical ganglion?

A

Adjacent to C7 vertebra

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8
Q

What is the level of the middle cervical ganglion?

A

TP of C5 or C6 vertebra

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9
Q

What is the level of the superior cervical ganglion?

A

Adjacent to C1-C2 vertebrae

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10
Q

The visceral motor system is made up of 2 parts (J and K)

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

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11
Q

The motor (efferent) nervous system is made up of 2 parts (H and I)

A

Somatic Motor and Visceral Motor

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12
Q

The sensory (afferent) nervous system is made up of 2 parts (F and G)

A

Somatic Sensory and Visceral Sensory

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13
Q

The peripheral nervous system is made up of 2 parts (D and E)

A

Sensory (afferent) and Motor (efferent)

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14
Q

The nervous system is divided into 2 parts (B and C):

A

Central and Peripheral

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15
Q

What is C of this neuron?

A

Axon

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16
Q

What is B of this neuron?

A

Cell body

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17
Q

What is A of this neuron?

A

Dendrites

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18
Q

What is this neuron type?

A

Multipolar

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19
Q

What is D of this neuron?

A

Central axon

20
Q

What is C of this neuron?

A

Peripheral axon

21
Q

What is B of this neuron?

A

Dendrites

22
Q

What is A of this neuron?

A

Cell body

23
Q

What is this neuron type?

A

Pseudo-unipolar

24
Q

What is C of this neuron?

A

Axon

25
Q

What is B of this neuron?

A

Cell body

26
Q

What is A of this neuron?

A

Dendrite

27
Q

Name this neuron:

A

bipolar

28
Q

All general Motor neurons in the body are this type of neuron:

A

multipolar

29
Q

All general Sensory neurons in the body are this type of neuron:

A

pseudo-unipolar

30
Q

Cell bodies of neurons are located in 2 different places:

A

Either in the central system (gray matter) or ganglia (outside CNS)

31
Q

Visceral efferent involve innvervation of 3 visceral structures:

A

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glandular cells

32
Q

Motor is [afferent/efferent]?

A

Efferent

33
Q

Sensory is [afferent/efferent]?

A

Afferent

34
Q

What are the functions of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

decrease heart rate
decrease arterial blood pressure
increase secretions from digestive glands
increase peristalsis of gut
constriction of the pupils

35
Q

How do pain afferents enter CNS?

A

parallels SYMPATHETIC system, fibers enter spinal cord through spinal nerves T1-L2

36
Q

How do physiological afferents and pain afferents differ?

A

Physiological parallels parasympathetic nervous system; Pain afferents parallel sympathetic nervous system in how they enter CNS

37
Q

What are physiological afferents and how do they enter CNS?

A

chemoreception
baroreception
stretch/distension (esp. hollow organs)

Parallels PARAsympathetic nervous system and enters CNS via cranial nerves 7, 9, 10 and spinal nerves S2-S4

38
Q

What are the functions of sympathetic division of the ANS?

A
  • innervation of certain cutaneous structures: vasoconstriction of arteries of skin, sweat glands, arrector pili muscles
  • vasodilate arteries in skeletal muscle
  • dilate pupils
  • increase heart rate
  • increase blood pressure
39
Q

This ganglion contains cell bodies of postganglionic sympathetic neurons innervating hindgut structures:

A

inferior mesenteric ganglion

40
Q

These ganglia contains cell bodies of postganglionic sympathetic neurons that generally innervate midgut structures:

A

superior mesenteric and aorticorenal ganglia

41
Q

This ganglion contains cell bodies of postganglionic sympathetic neurons that generally innervate for gut and midgut structures:

A

Celiac ganglion

42
Q

These ganglion are found on or near the inferior mesenteric artery:

A

inferior mesenteric ganglion

43
Q

These ganglia are found near the superior mesenteric artery and renal arteries:

A

superior mesenteric and aorticorenal ganglia

44
Q

These ganglion are found near or along celiac trunk:

A

celiac ganglion

45
Q

The postganglionic neurons of prevertebral ganglia synapse with preganglionic sympathetic neurons whose fibers pass through the sympathetic trunk (without synapse) and pass through _______

A

splanchnic nerves

46
Q

Where are prevertebral ganglia found?

A

Near the organs they supply, includes postganglionic sympathetic neurons

47
Q

What are prevertebral ganglia?

A

ganglia in front of or some distance away from vertebral column

Gross Anatomy II (22 decks)

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