ANS and PNS Flashcards
Somatic Efferents include how many neurons between CNS and effector?
One
Visceral efferent is how many neurons between CNS and effector?
Two
Name the two efferents A and B
A. Somatic Efferents – One neuron between CNS and effector
B. Visceral Efferents – Two neurons between CNS and effector
Name the two divisions of the ANS (A and B) as well as their path.
A. Sympathetic: Via T1-L2 spinal nerves
B. Parasympathetic: Via CN 3, 7, 9, 10 and S2-S4 spinal nerves
This image represents the paravertebral ganglia. Name the two points labeled as well as what trunk/chain they make up.
Paravertebral (chain) ganglia and Interganglionic nerves make up the Sympathetic trunk/chain
Name the 3 chain ganglia:
Superior cervical ganglion
Middle cervical ganglion
Inferior cervical ganglion
What is the level of the inferior cervical ganglion?
Adjacent to C7 vertebra
What is the level of the middle cervical ganglion?
TP of C5 or C6 vertebra
What is the level of the superior cervical ganglion?
Adjacent to C1-C2 vertebrae
The visceral motor system is made up of 2 parts (J and K)
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
The motor (efferent) nervous system is made up of 2 parts (H and I)
Somatic Motor and Visceral Motor
The sensory (afferent) nervous system is made up of 2 parts (F and G)
Somatic Sensory and Visceral Sensory
The peripheral nervous system is made up of 2 parts (D and E)
Sensory (afferent) and Motor (efferent)
The nervous system is divided into 2 parts (B and C):
Central and Peripheral
What is C of this neuron?
Axon
What is B of this neuron?
Cell body
What is A of this neuron?
Dendrites
What is this neuron type?
Multipolar
What is D of this neuron?
Central axon
What is C of this neuron?
Peripheral axon
What is B of this neuron?
Dendrites
What is A of this neuron?
Cell body
What is this neuron type?
Pseudo-unipolar
What is C of this neuron?
Axon
What is B of this neuron?
Cell body
What is A of this neuron?
Dendrite
Name this neuron:
bipolar
All general Motor neurons in the body are this type of neuron:
multipolar
All general Sensory neurons in the body are this type of neuron:
pseudo-unipolar
Cell bodies of neurons are located in 2 different places:
Either in the central system (gray matter) or ganglia (outside CNS)
Visceral efferent involve innvervation of 3 visceral structures:
smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glandular cells
Motor is [afferent/efferent]?
Efferent
Sensory is [afferent/efferent]?
Afferent
What are the functions of the parasympathetic nervous system?
decrease heart rate
decrease arterial blood pressure
increase secretions from digestive glands
increase peristalsis of gut
constriction of the pupils
How do pain afferents enter CNS?
parallels SYMPATHETIC system, fibers enter spinal cord through spinal nerves T1-L2
How do physiological afferents and pain afferents differ?
Physiological parallels parasympathetic nervous system; Pain afferents parallel sympathetic nervous system in how they enter CNS
What are physiological afferents and how do they enter CNS?
chemoreception
baroreception
stretch/distension (esp. hollow organs)
Parallels PARAsympathetic nervous system and enters CNS via cranial nerves 7, 9, 10 and spinal nerves S2-S4
What are the functions of sympathetic division of the ANS?
- innervation of certain cutaneous structures: vasoconstriction of arteries of skin, sweat glands, arrector pili muscles
- vasodilate arteries in skeletal muscle
- dilate pupils
- increase heart rate
- increase blood pressure
This ganglion contains cell bodies of postganglionic sympathetic neurons innervating hindgut structures:
inferior mesenteric ganglion
These ganglia contains cell bodies of postganglionic sympathetic neurons that generally innervate midgut structures:
superior mesenteric and aorticorenal ganglia
This ganglion contains cell bodies of postganglionic sympathetic neurons that generally innervate for gut and midgut structures:
Celiac ganglion
These ganglion are found on or near the inferior mesenteric artery:
inferior mesenteric ganglion
These ganglia are found near the superior mesenteric artery and renal arteries:
superior mesenteric and aorticorenal ganglia
These ganglion are found near or along celiac trunk:
celiac ganglion
The postganglionic neurons of prevertebral ganglia synapse with preganglionic sympathetic neurons whose fibers pass through the sympathetic trunk (without synapse) and pass through _______
splanchnic nerves
Where are prevertebral ganglia found?
Near the organs they supply, includes postganglionic sympathetic neurons
What are prevertebral ganglia?
ganglia in front of or some distance away from vertebral column
