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Gross Anatomy II > Cranium: openings and so on > Flashcards

Cranium: openings and so on Flashcards

1
Q

What structure in the middle cranial fossa connects to the orbit?

A

superior orbital fissure

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2
Q

What passes through superior orbital fissure located in the middle cranial fossa?

A 
Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
Trochlear nerve (NC IV)
Abducens nerve (CN VI)
Ophthalmic nerve (V1)
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3
Q

The Oculomotor nerve (CN III), Trochlear nerve (NC IV), Abducens nerve (CN VI) and Ophthalmic nerve (V1) all pass through what structure in the middle cranial fossa?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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4
Q

What structures pass through the foramen magnum?

A

Spinal cord/brainstem transition

Vertebral arteries

Spinal Root of CN 11

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5
Q

What structures pass through the jugular foramen?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (9), vagus nerve (10), spinal accessory nerve (11), and internal jugular vein

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6
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve (9), vagus nerve (10), spinal accessory nerve (11), and internal jugular vein (from _________) and then through what foramen in the posterior cranial fossa?

A

sigmoid dural sinus; jugular

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7
Q

Name the structure in the posterior cranial fossa that is on midline and extends to the foramen magnum:

A

internal occipital crest

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8
Q

The largest cranial fossa is:

A

posterior cranial fossa

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9
Q

Name the structure that is not a true foramen of the middle cranial fossa and is mostly filled with fibrocartilage:

A

Foramen lacerum

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10
Q

The carotid canal opens in close proximity to ____ ___ and the internal carotid artery passes across it.

A

Foramen lacerum

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11
Q

The middle meningeal artery enters the cranial cavity/passes through what part of the middle cranial fossa?

A

Foramen spinosum

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12
Q

The mandibular nerve (V3) passes through what part of the middle cranial fossa?

A

Foramen ovale

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13
Q

The pterygopalantine nerve is a branch of the ____. It is located on the ________ fossa.

A

maxillary nerve (V2); pterygopalantine

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14
Q

What structure in the middle cranial fossa does the maxillary nerve (V2) pass through?

A

Foramen rotundum

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15
Q

What part of the skull does the optic nerve (CN II) and ophthalmic artery pass through?

A

optic canal

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16
Q

What passes through the optic canal?

A 
optic nerve (CN II)
ophthalmic artery
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17
Q

What connects middle cranial fossa to the orbit?

A

Optic canal

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18
Q

Name the overall name of this Cranial Nerve (number and name) plus the three branches labeled A, B, C.

A 
CN V Trigeminal Nerve
V1 Opthalmic (C)
V2 Maxillary (A)
V3 Mandibular (B)
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19
Q

What is this nerve and what does it innervate?

A

Meningeal branch (of CN X)

Innervates (sensory) posterior cranial fossa with some contribution by C1, C2, C3

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20
Q

Cranial Dura: A and B

A

A. Meningeal layer B. Periosteal layer

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21
Q

Name the three types of cranium veins and location

A

1 - cerebral veins. Located within subarachnoid space

2- diploic veins. Located within medullary cavity, within bones

3 - emissary veins. Direct connection from outside to inside

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22
Q

What is the dural fold labeled A?

A

Falx cerebri

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23
Q

What is the dural fold labeled B?

A

Falx cerebelli​

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24
Q

Name A and B structures.

A

A. Tentorium cerebelli B. Diaphragma sellae

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25
Q

Name the sinus structure B and where it drains

A

Inferior sagittal sinus; Straight sinus

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26
Q

Name the sinus structure C and where it drains

A

Straight sinus; Confluence of the sinuses

27
Q

Name the sinus structure D

A

Confluence of the sinuses

28
Q

Name the sinus structure E and where it drains

A

Occipital sinus; Confluence of the sinuses

29
Q

Name the sinus structure A and where it drains

A

Superior sagittal sinus; Confluence of the sinuses

30
Q

Name the sinus structure B

A

Inferior petrosal sinus

31
Q

Name the sinus structure C

A

Transverse sinus

32
Q

Name the sinus structure D

A

Superior petrosal sinus

33
Q

Name the sinus structure E and where it exits

A

Sigmoid sinus (S-shaped) and jugular foramen

34
Q

Name the sinus structure A and where it drains

A

Cavernous sinus; two paths: 1) superiorly, to meet up with Transverse sinus (C) and then to Sigmoid sinus (E) and then Jugular foramen OR 2) drain straight down toward Jugular foramen through the Inferior petrosal sinus (B)

35
Q

What structure DOES NOT pass through the jugular foramen?

a. vetibulocochlear nerve
b. vagus nerve
c. spinal accessory nerve
d. internal jugular vein

A

a. vetibulocochlear nerve

36
Q

The internal jugular vein joins with subclavian vein to form what vein?

A

brachicephalic vein

37
Q

What structure begins at jugular foramen from the sigmoid dural sinus and then travels inferiorly through the enck and receives tributaries from:

  • facial vein
  • lingual veins
  • thyroid veins
  • pharyngeal veins
A

Internal jugular vein

38
Q

Name the 5 layers of SCALP

A

S - Skin, epidermis and dermis

C - subCutaneous fatty later, hypodermis

A - Apeneurosis between frontalis and occipitalis

L - Loose connective tissue

P - Periosteum

39
Q

Major folds of the dura mater:

A

Falx cerebri

Falx cerebelli

Diaphragma sellae

Tentorium cerebelli

40
Q

Name the 3 Meningeal Arteries

A

A. Middle meningeal artery (branch of maxillary, which branched from external carotid)

B. Anterior meningeal artery (branch of internal carotid)

C. Posterior meningeal artery (branch from vertebral artery or occipital artery)

41
Q

What is the hole labeled B?

A

Foramen rotundum

42
Q

What is the hole labeled C?

A

Foramen lacerum

43
Q

What is the hole labeled D?

A

Carotid canal​

44
Q

What is the hole labeled E?

A

Superior orbital fissure

45
Q

What is the hole labeled F?

A

Foramen ovale

46
Q

What is the hole labeled G?

A

Foramen spinosum

47
Q

What is the hole labeled A?

A

Optic Canal

48
Q

Middle meningeal artery passes through what hole?

A

Foramen spinosum

49
Q

What muscle inserts on the jugular process of the occipital bone?

A

rectus capitis lateralis

50
Q

What is the landmark labeled G?

A

Internal occipital protuberance

51
Q

What is the landmark labeled F?

A

Internal occipital crest

52
Q

What is the landmark labeled A?

A

Foramen magnum

53
Q

What is the landmark labeled B?

A

Hypoglossal canal

54
Q

What is the landmark labeled C?

A

Jugular foramen

55
Q

What is the landmark labeled D?

A

Internal auditory meatus

56
Q

What is the landmark labeled E?

A

Condylar canal

57
Q

What are potential spaces?

A

It can be used for blood storage when there is trauma.

58
Q

What is the structure B?

A

Subdural space (potential space)

59
Q

What is the structure C?

A

Subarachnoid space

60
Q

What is the structure A?

A

Epidural space (potential space)

61
Q

What structure emerges from skull through stylomastoid foramen and pierces parotid gland?

A

Facial nerve (CN VII or 7)

62
Q

Facial nerve, CN 7, emerges through the skull through what foramen?

A

stylomastoid foramen

63
Q

What structure ascends and enters transverse foramen of C6 and then sends branches to deep neck structures, spinal nerves and the spinal cord?

A

Vertebral artery

64
Q

What does ‘epi’ mean as a word part?

A

Above

Gross Anatomy II (22 decks)

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