Nose and Nasal Cavity Flashcards
What bones form the external nose?
nasal bones and frontal process of maxillae
What are the external openings of the nose called?
nares
What are the lateral borders of the external openings of the nose called?
alae
What is the muscle of facial expression that flares the nose and what innervates it?
nasalis muscle innervated by facial nerve (CN 7)
What does sensory innervation to the superior bridge of the nose?
infratrochlear nerve (from ophthalmic nerve, V1)
What does sensory innervation to the majority of the external nose, except superior bridge?
infraorbital nerve (from maxillary nerve, V2)
The nasal cavity is divided into left and right by what structure?
median nasal septum
The makes up the median nasal septum?
- Septal nasal cartilage, anteriorly
- perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, superior posteriorly
- vomer bone, inferior posteriorly
What are the borders of each nasal cavity?
- hard palate, floor
- nasal, frontal, ethmoid & sphenoid bone, roof
- median nasal septum - medial wall
- maxilla, ethmoid, palatine, nasal, lacrimal and inferior concha bones, lateral wall
The superior and middle concha are part of what bone? The inferior concha is part of what bone?
superior and middle are part of ethmoid bone
inferior is considered a distinct bone attached to the maxilla
What is the purpose of the nasal concha?
increase surface area for better conditioning of the air.
The openings of spaces under the conchae?
meatuses/meati
superior nasal meatus below superior nasal concha
middle nasal meatus below middle nasal concha
inferior nasal meatus below inferior nasal concha
Where does the nasolacrimal duct drain?
inferior nasal meatus
What is the narrow space above the superior nasal concha?
sphenoethmoidal recess
All nasal conchae and meati are covered in what?
mucosa which conditions the air
The superior part of the nasal cavity, including the sphenoethmoidal recess recess are covered in what?
olfactory epithelium
What is olfactory epithelium?
specialized epithelium with olfactory cells that have odorant receptors, whose axons become CN I, olfactory nerve
What supplies blood to the anterior and superior portion of the nasal cavities?
anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries which are branches of ophthalmic artery
What supplies blood to the rest of the nasal cavities besides anterior and superior portions supplied by ethmoidal arteries?
nasal arteries from the sphenopalatine artery which is a branch of maxillary artery
General sensory innervation to the nasal cavity is supplied by what?
ethmoidal nerves from V1
nasal nerves from V2
infraorbital nerve from V2
Ethmoidal nerves from V1 supply general sensory innervation to what portion of the nasal cavity?
anteriosuperior region of the cavity
Nasal nerve from V2 supply general sensory innervation to what portion of the nasal cavity?
the majority of the nasal cavity except anteriosuperior region and vestibule
Infraorbital nerve from V2 supplies general sensory innervation to what portion of the nasal cavity?
the nasal vestibule
Parasympathetic innervation of the nasal cavity provides what function?
secretomotor to nasal glands
Sympathetic innervation of the nasal cavity provides what function?
vasomotor to vessels
Describe the pathway of parasympathetic nerve fibers that innervate nasal glands?
preganglionic fibers come from CN 7, facial nerve, and travel along the greater petrosal nerve to the nerve of the pterygoid canal which leads to the pterygopalatine ganglion in the pterygopalatine fossa. They synapse here with postganglionic cell bodies whose fibers travel with nasal nerves into the nasal cavity and their target organ, nasal glands
Describe the pathway of sympathetic nerve fibers that constrict blood vessels to the nasal glands, reducing their secretions.
preganglionic fiber come from the lateral horn of the upper thoracic spinal cord and enter the sympathetic trunk via white rami communicantes. They travel up the sympathetic trunk to the superior cervical ganglion where they synapse with the postganglionic cell bodies whose fibers travel with the internal carotid arterial plexus to get to the deep petrosal nerve. Then they follow the nerve to pterygoid and nasal nerves that branch from it into the nasal cavity
The paranasal sinuses are lined with what?
mucosa to condition the air
What structures associated with the nasal cavity contributes to resonance qualities of voice?
paranasal sinuses
Where are the frontal sinuses located?
posterior to the superciliary arches
Where do the frontal sinuses drain?
middle nasal meatus through the frontonasal duct
The paranasal sinuses that form multiple spaces between the orbit and nasal cavity?
ethmoid air cells
Where do the ethmoid air cells drain?
superior and middle nasal meatuses
Where do the sphenoid sinuses drain?
sphenoethmoidal recesses, anteriorly
Where do the maxillary sinuses drain?
middle nasal meatus, drain best in side posture
