Part II - Pathologies Flashcards
What are infections of glands of Moll or glands of Zeis that look like small bumps consisting of pus, water and bacteria?
Stye
What is a cyst like structure due to plugged tarsal gland?
Chalazion
What is the medical term for “pink eye” that is caused by infection, allergic reaction or exposure to irritants?
Conjunctivitis. It’s inflammation of the conjunctiva.
What is drooping of the eyelid that is commonly due to paralysis or paresis of elevator palpebrae superioris?
Ptosis
________ and __________ muscles have relatively pure movements. If paralyzed, their direct actions would be greatly hindered.
Medial and lateral recti muslces. (Paralysis of any other single eye muscle may go unnoticed.)
What is the space called that is formed by the corners of the mouth and the bridge of the nose? Why?
Danger triangle of the face
Because infection can spread from facial vein to cavernous sinus via opthalmic veins and risk of cavernous sinus thrombosis.
A gentle irritation of the cornea that causes blinking is called:
Corneal reflex
What reflex is used to test nasociliary nerve (sensory) and temporal/zygomatic branches of facial nerve (motor)?
Corneal reflex
The lens of the eye becomes progressively cloudy and cases decrease in vision.
Cataract
Cataract surgery involves:
Removal of cloudy lens, replacement with artificial lens
What is the group of conditions that result in damage to retina and CN II and causes vision loss?
Glaucoma
What is the risk factor of glaucoma?
Ocular hypertension (increased intraocular pressure)
Define Epistaxis
Nosebleed
Bleeding into mouth and down throat in addition to bleeding from nose is called:
Posterior epistaxis
What artery and branches are the source of hemorrhage in posterior epistaxis (nosebleed)?
Sphenopalatine a.
Used to induce anesthesia during routine dental procedures?
Inferior alveolar nerve block
What is most vulnerable when mandible is in complete depression?
Dislocations of Temporal Mandibular Joint (TMJ)
How does dislocation of TMJ commonly happen?
The head of the mandible dislocates anterior to articulation tubercle
Blunt trauma by something larger than orbital rim:
Orbital blowout fracture
What nerve might orbital blowout fracture damage and what might happen?
Infraorbital nerve; loss of sensation
When pulp is infected the tooth is drilled into and pulp removed along with nerves of pulp cavity. What is this called?
Endodontic therapy (root canal therapy)
Breakdown of hard materials of teeth due to bacterial activity is
Dental caries (cavities, tooth decay)
Inflammation of the tonsils most commonly caused by viral or bacterial infection
Tonsillitis
Tonsillitis is called _________ when caused by group A streptococcus
Strep throat
____________ is the source for 90% of nosebleeds
Kiesselbach’s plexus (anastomoses of several arteries)
Pharyngeal tonsil often hypertrophied in childhood infections, commonly called ______ when enlarged
Adenoids
Caused by trauma, surgery, neck/thoracic lesions. Injury may cause weakness or loss of voice.
Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury
What is mastoiditis?
Middle ear infection can spread into mastoid antrum and air cells. Usually presents as pain, swelling and redness posterior to the ear
What is Zenker’s Diverticulum?
An outpouching that can create a spot for food to get stuck. Typically happens in elderly males.
