Part II - Pathologies

Question 1

What are infections of glands of Moll or glands of Zeis that look like small bumps consisting of pus, water and bacteria?

Answer 1

Stye

Question 2

What is a cyst like structure due to plugged tarsal gland?

Answer 2

Chalazion

Question 3

What is the medical term for “pink eye” that is caused by infection, allergic reaction or exposure to irritants?

Answer 3

Conjunctivitis. It’s inflammation of the conjunctiva.

Question 4

What is drooping of the eyelid that is commonly due to paralysis or paresis of elevator palpebrae superioris?

Answer 4

Ptosis

Question 5

________ and __________ muscles have relatively pure movements. If paralyzed, their direct actions would be greatly hindered.

Answer 5

Medial and lateral recti muslces. (Paralysis of any other single eye muscle may go unnoticed.)

Question 6

What is the space called that is formed by the corners of the mouth and the bridge of the nose? Why?

Answer 6

Danger triangle of the face

Because infection can spread from facial vein to cavernous sinus via opthalmic veins and risk of cavernous sinus thrombosis.

Question 7

A gentle irritation of the cornea that causes blinking is called:

Answer 7

Corneal reflex

Question 8

What reflex is used to test nasociliary nerve (sensory) and temporal/zygomatic branches of facial nerve (motor)?

Answer 8

Corneal reflex

Question 9

The lens of the eye becomes progressively cloudy and cases decrease in vision.

Answer 9

Cataract

Question 10

Cataract surgery involves:

Answer 10

Removal of cloudy lens, replacement with artificial lens

Question 11

What is the group of conditions that result in damage to retina and CN II and causes vision loss?

Answer 11

Glaucoma

Question 12

What is the risk factor of glaucoma?

Answer 12

Ocular hypertension (increased intraocular pressure)

Question 13

Define Epistaxis

Answer 13

Nosebleed

Question 14

Bleeding into mouth and down throat in addition to bleeding from nose is called:

Answer 14

Posterior epistaxis

Question 15

What artery and branches are the source of hemorrhage in posterior epistaxis (nosebleed)?

Answer 15

Sphenopalatine a.

Question 16

Used to induce anesthesia during routine dental procedures?

Answer 16

Inferior alveolar nerve block

Question 17

What is most vulnerable when mandible is in complete depression?

Answer 17

Dislocations of Temporal Mandibular Joint (TMJ)

Question 18

How does dislocation of TMJ commonly happen?

Answer 18

The head of the mandible dislocates anterior to articulation tubercle

Question 19

Blunt trauma by something larger than orbital rim:

Answer 19

Orbital blowout fracture

Question 20

What nerve might orbital blowout fracture damage and what might happen?

Answer 20

Infraorbital nerve; loss of sensation

Question 21

When pulp is infected the tooth is drilled into and pulp removed along with nerves of pulp cavity. What is this called?

Answer 21

Endodontic therapy (root canal therapy)

Question 22

Breakdown of hard materials of teeth due to bacterial activity is

Answer 22

Dental caries (cavities, tooth decay)

Question 23

Inflammation of the tonsils most commonly caused by viral or bacterial infection

Answer 23

Tonsillitis

Question 24

Tonsillitis is called _________ when caused by group A streptococcus

Answer 24

Strep throat

Question 25

____________ is the source for 90% of nosebleeds

Answer 25

Kiesselbach’s plexus (anastomoses of several arteries)

Question 26

Pharyngeal tonsil often hypertrophied in childhood infections, commonly called ______ when enlarged

Answer 26

Adenoids

Question 27

Caused by trauma, surgery, neck/thoracic lesions. Injury may cause weakness or loss of voice.

Answer 27

Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury

Question 28

What is mastoiditis?

Answer 28

Middle ear infection can spread into mastoid antrum and air cells. Usually presents as pain, swelling and redness posterior to the ear

Question 29

What is Zenker’s Diverticulum?

Answer 29

An outpouching that can create a spot for food to get stuck. Typically happens in elderly males.