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Gross Anatomy II > orbit > Flashcards

orbit Flashcards

1
Q

What bones form the roof of the orbit? What do they separate?

A

orbital process of the frontal bone
lesser wing of the sphenoid

together they separate the orbit from the anterior cranial fossa

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2
Q

What bones form the floor of the orbit? What do they separate?

A

orbital process of maxilla
zygomatic bone
orbital process of palatine bone

together they separate the orbit from the maxillary sinuses

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3
Q

What bones from the medial wall of the orbit? What do they separate?

A

frontal process of maxilla
lacrimal bone
orbital process of ethmoid bone

together they separate the orbit from the ethmoid air cells and nasal cavity

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4
Q

What bones from the lateral wall of the orbit?

A

zygomatic bone

greater wing of sphenoid

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5
Q

What opening in the lesser wing of the sphenoid connects the cranial cavity to the orbit? What are it’s contents?

A 
optic canal contains:
optic nerve (CN 2)
ophthalmic nerve (V1)
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6
Q

What opening at the border of the lesser and greater wing of the sphenoid bone connects the cranial cavity to the orbit? What are it’s contents?

A 
superior orbital fissure contains:
CN 3, oculomotor nerve
CN 4, trochlear nerve
CN 6, abducens
branches of V1, ophthalmic nerve
superior ophthalmic vein
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7
Q

Which opening connects the orbit to the infratemporal fossa and pterygopalatine fossa? What are it’s contents?

A

inferior orbital fissure contains:
infraorbital nerve, artery and vein
zygomatic branch of V2, maxillary nerve

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8
Q

Which opening connects the orbit to the external, anterosuperior skull? What are it’s contents?

A

supraorbital foramen contains:

supraorbital nerve artery and vein

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9
Q

Which opening in the floor of the orbit is continuous with the infraorbital groove? What are it’s contents?

A

infraorbital foramen contains:

infraorbital nerve, artery and vein

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10
Q

What openings on the medial wall of the orbit connect to paranasal sinuses located there? What are their contents?

A

ethmoidal foramina contain:

anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerve artery and vein

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11
Q

What opening connects the orbit to the lacrimal system? What are it’s contents

A

nasolacrimal canal contains:

nasolacrimal duct

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12
Q

Which wall of the orbit is thickest?

A

lateral wall

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13
Q

Which wall of the orbit is thinnest?

A

medial wall

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14
Q

Eyelids are also called?

A

palpebra

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15
Q

eyelashes are also called?

A

cilia

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16
Q

eyebrows are also called?

A

supercilia

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17
Q

What is the elliptical space between the eyelids?

A

palpebral fissure

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18
Q

Angles of the eye at the edges of the palpebral fissure are also called?

A

medial and lateral canthi

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19
Q

What are the structures of the medial canthus?

A

lacrimal caruncle

lacrimal puncta

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20
Q

The small opening on each eyelid near the medial canthus that leads to the nasolacrimal duct?

A

lacrimal puncta

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21
Q

the fleshy prominence covered by skin in the medial canthus?

A

lacrimal caruncle

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22
Q

The structures made of dense fibrous CT that help maintain shape of eyelids and that are deep to the skin and muscle?

A

tarsal plates

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23
Q

The modified sebaceous sweat glands embedded in the tarsal plates that open along the margins of the lids?

A

tarsal (meibomian) glands

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24
Q

The secretions of the meibomian (tarsal) glands function how?

A

lubricate margins of the palpebral

increase surface tension of tear film along palpebral fissure

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25
Q

Other than the meibomian glands, what other glands are found in the eyelids?

A

glands of Moll - small ciliary sweat glands

glands of Zeis - small ciliary sebaceous glands

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26
Q

The transparent mucous membrane that covers the inner eyelid and surface of eyeball?

A

conjunctiva
palberal portion covers lid
bulbar portion covers eyeball and is continuous with cornea

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27
Q

The recesses where the palpebral conjunctiva meets the bulbar conjunctival?

A

superior and inferior fornices

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28
Q

What makes up the nasolacrimal apparatus?

A

lacrimal gland

lacrimal conducting system

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29
Q

Where is the lacrimal gland located?

A

in the superolateral portion of anterior orbit

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30
Q

The secretory process of tear production is called?

A

lacrimation

31
Q

The lacrimal gland secretes what kind of fluid and what is it’s function?

A

it secrete serous fluid which functions to lubricate cornea, clean cornea and protect against infection

32
Q

Parasympathetic innervation to the lacrimal gland causes what?

A

secretomotor, stimulate lacrimal gland to increase lacrimation

33
Q

Describe the pathway parasympathetic innervation to the lacrimal gland

A

preganglionic fibers come from facial nerve (CN 7) and travel along greater petrosal nerve, nerve of the petrous canal and into the orbit where they synapse on the pterygopalatine ganglion with the postsynaptic cell bodies that send fibers to the lacrimal gland

34
Q

Describe the pathway of sympathetic innervation to the lacrimal gland

A

preganglionic fibers come from the lateral horn of upper thoracic vertebrae and travel up the sympathetic chain where they synapse at the superior cervical ganglion with postsynaptic cell bodies, whose fibers travel with arteries to the orbit

35
Q

Sympathetic innervation of the lacrimal gland causes what?

A

vasomotor, constriction of blood vessels supplying lacrimal gland to slow lacrimation

36
Q

What is the flow of tear drainage?

A

the tears are moved towards the medial canthus by blinking. Here they drain through the superior and inferior lacrimal puncta into the lacrimal canaliculi which converge at the lacrimal sac. Blinking and eyemovement compress the lacrimal sac and push tears into the nasolacrimal duct which drains through the nasolacrimal canal to the inferior nasal meatus in the nasal cavity

37
Q

Two layers of the cranial dura separate upon entering the orbit and form?

A

periorbita - periosteal layer of dura

orbital dura - meningeal layer of dura

38
Q

The orbital fascia that encapsulates all orbital structure and is continuous with periosteal cranial dura?

A

periorbita

39
Q

The orbital fascia that is continuous with the meningeal cranial dura, surrounds the optic nerve and follows it to the posterior eyeball where is becomes continuous with the sclera of the eyeball?

A

orbital dura

40
Q

The smooth, thin, membranous layer of fascia on anterior surface of the orbital fat?

A

fascia bulbi (tenon’s capsule)

41
Q

The potential space between the sclera and the fascia bulbi?

A

episcleral space

42
Q

How many extra ocular muscles are there?

A

7 muscles per eyeball

43
Q

Where do the 4 rectified muscles of the eye originate?

A

from the common tendinous ring (annulus of Zinn) near the posterior of the orbit

44
Q

What nerve innervates most of the extra ocular muscles? What are the 2 exceptions and what innervates them?

A

ocular motor does all except:
lateral rectus is supplied by abducens n.
superior oblique is supplied by trochlear n.

45
Q

What is the action of lateral rectus?

A

abduction

46
Q

What is the action of medial rectus?

A

adduction

47
Q

What are the actions of superior rectus?

A

elevation
adduction
intorsion (medial rotation)

48
Q

What are the actions of the inferior rectus?

A

depression
adduction
extorsion (lateral rotation)

49
Q

What is the origin of superior oblique?

A

body of sphenoid bone above the common tendinous ring

50
Q

What is the insertion of the superior oblique?

A

tendon of insertion passes through the trochlea and then inserts on the sclera of the superolateral eyeball

51
Q

The fibrocartilaginous sling of tissue on the anterosuperomedial aspect of the orbit?

A

trochlea

52
Q

What are the actions of the superior oblique?

A

depression
abduction
intorsion (medial rotation)

53
Q

What are the actions of the inferior oblique?

A

elevation
abduction
extorsion (lateral rotation)

54
Q

What is the origin of the inferior oblique?

A

floor of the orbit at the anteromedial aspect

55
Q

What is the insertion fo the inferior oblique?

A

posterolateral aspect of the eyeball

56
Q

What is the origin of levator palpebrae superioris?

A

lesser wing of the sphenoid bone near the orbital apex

57
Q

What is the insertion of levator palpebrae superioris?

A

superior tarsal plate of superior palpebra

58
Q

Ophthalmic artery is a branch of what?

A

internal carotid artery

59
Q

Ophthalmic artery enters the orbit via which opening?

A

orbital canal

60
Q

What are the named branches of the ophthalmic artery in the orbit?

A
  • central retinal artery
  • lacrimal artery
  • posterior ciliary arteries
  • anterior ciliary arteries
  • supraorbital artery
  • ethmoidal arteries
  • supratrochlear artery
61
Q

What artery enters the optic nerve and pass to the eyeball to supply the retina?

A

central retinal artery

62
Q

What does lacrimal artery supply?

A
  • lacrimal gland
  • elements along the lateral orbit
  • lateral eyelids
  • some of the skin of the lateral orbit
63
Q

Posterior ciliary arteries are branches of what two arteries and what do they supply?

A

branches from lacrimal and ophthalmic artery

supply posterior aspect of the eyeball including the retina/choroid layer

64
Q

Anterior ciliary arteries are branches of what two arteries and what do they supply?

A

branches from lacrimal and ophthalmic artery

supply anterior aspect of the eyeball including the retina/choroid layer

65
Q

What does the supraorbital artery supply?

A
  • elements of the superior orbit
  • upper eyelid
  • skin of the forehead
66
Q

What do the ethmoidal arteries supply?

A
  • ethmoid air cells
  • frontal sinuses
  • part of nasal cavity
67
Q

Supratrochlear artery is a terminal branch of which artery and what does it supply?

A

terminal branch of ophthalmic artery and supplies:

  • skin of medial forehead
  • skin on top of bridge of nose
68
Q

The wall of the eyeball is supplied blood by which arteries?

A
  • central retinal artery
  • posterior ciliary arteries
  • anterior ciliary arteries
69
Q

From the tissues of the forehead, how is blood drained?

A

through supraorbital veins that converge as superior ophthalmic vein which exits the orbit and travels into the cranial vault via superiororbital fissure to ultimately drain into the cavernous sinus.

70
Q

How is blood drained from the inferior elements of the orbit?

A

blood drains into the inferior ophthalmic vein which become a tributary to superior ophthalmic vein that enters cranial vault via superiororbital fissure to ultimately drain into the cavernous sinus.

71
Q

How is blood drained from the inner retina?

A

retinal veins carry blood to the central retinal vein which parallels the central retinal artery through the optic nerve and drains into the ophthalmic veins (superior and inferior) and ultimately the cavernous sinus

72
Q

How is blood drained from the outer layers of the eyeball?

A

vorticose veins that exit around the optic nerve and drain into ophthalmic veins or cavernous sinus

73
Q

Ophthalmic nerve enters the orbit via what opening?

A

superior orbital fissure

74
Q

What are the branches of ophthalmic nerve inside the orbit?

A
  • lacrimal nerve
  • frontal nerve
  • nasociliary nerve

Gross Anatomy II (22 decks)

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