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Gross Anatomy II > Neck (pg. 5 - 16 in note packet) > Flashcards

Neck (pg. 5 - 16 in note packet) Flashcards

1
Q

Neck

A

Not a clear division between head and neck

Neck extends from base of skull and inferior border of mandible to first rib

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2
Q

Column of neck

A

Collar, neck

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3
Q

Nuchal

A

Back of neck

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4
Q

Cervix

A

Neck (a narrowing)

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5
Q

Thyroid cartilage vertebral level?

A

C4, C5

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6
Q

Landmark of thyroid cartilage of larynx

A

Laryngeal prominence

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7
Q

Hyoid bone vertebral level

A

C3

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8
Q

Hyoid bone purpose

A

Attachment site for anterior neck muscles and some tongue muscles

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9
Q

Bony landmarks of hyoid bone

A

Body, greater cornua, lesser cornua

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10
Q

Cricoid cartilage vertebral level

A

C6

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11
Q

Cricoid cartilage is

A

A cartilage of the larynx

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12
Q

Tracheal cartilage begins at what vertebral level

A

Below C6

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13
Q

Superficial veins of neck

A 
Facial vein
Retromandibular vein
Posterior auricular vein
External jugular vein
Anterior jugular vein
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14
Q

Retromandibular vein

A

Anterior branch joins facial vein

Posterior branch joins posterior auricular vein

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15
Q

External jugular vein

A

Formed by union of posterior branch of retromandibular vein and posterior auricular vein

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16
Q

Platysma Origin

A

O: Fascia and skin of deltoid and pectoral regions

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17
Q

Platysma Insertion

A

I: Mandible and tissues around mouth

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18
Q

Platysma Innervation

A

N: facial nerve

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19
Q

Skin of neck Innervation by

A

C2, C3, C4 spinal nerves

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20
Q

Jugular venous dissension

A

Bulging of internal/external jugular veins

Caused by increased blood pressure at the right atrium or right ventricle of heart

Can indicate cardiovascular disease

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21
Q

Anterior triangle of neck (borders)

A

SCM
Inferior angle of mandible
Midline of anterior neck

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22
Q

Anterior Subtriangle names

A

Submandibular triangle
Sub mental triangle
Carotid triangle
Inferior carotid triangle

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23
Q

Submandibular triangle border

A

Inferior border of mandible
Posterior belly of digastric muscle
Anterior bell of digastric muscle

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24
Q

Submandibular triangle contents

A

Submandibular gland

Facial artery

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25
Q

Submental triangle borders

A

Hyoid bone
Anterior belly of right digastric muscle
Anterior belly of left digastric muscle

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26
Q

Carotid triangle borders

A

Posterior belly of digastric muscle
Superior belly of omohyoid muscle
SCM

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27
Q

Carotid triangle contents

A 
Carotid sheath
Common carotid artery
Internal carotid artery (after bifurcation)
Internal jugular vein
Vegus nerve (CN X)
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28
Q

Inferior carotid triangle borders

A

Anterior midline of neck
SCM
Superior belly of omohyoid muscle

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29
Q

Inferior carotid triangle contents

A

Infrahyoid muscles
Thyroid gland
Lower larynx and trachea

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30
Q

Posterior triangle of neck borders

A

Clavicle
SCM
Trapezius

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31
Q

Posterior sub triangles of neck (names)

A

Supraclavicular triangle

Occipital triangle

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32
Q

Supraclavicular triangle borders

A

Clavicle
SMC
Inferior belly of omohyoid

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33
Q

Supraclavicular triangle contents

A

Subclavian artery
Subclavian vein
Roots and trunks of brachial plexus

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34
Q

Occipital triangle borders

A

Trapezius
SCM
Inferior belly of omohyoid

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35
Q

Occipital triangle contents

A

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

Cutaneous nerves from cervical plexus

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36
Q

Lymphadenopathy

A

Swollen or enlarged lymph nodes

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37
Q

Surgical damage to spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

A

May occur during lymph node biopsy or radical neck dissection

Results in decreased function of trapezius and SCM muscles

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38
Q

Sternocleidomastoid Origin

A

Sternal head - manubrium

Clavicular head - medial portion of clavicle

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39
Q

Sternocleidomastoid Insertion

A

I: Mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line of occipital bone

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40
Q

Sternocleidomastoid Innervation

A

N: Motor - spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

Sensory - C2 (proprioception)

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41
Q

Sternocleidomastoid Action

A

Unilateral - ipsilateral flexion and contralateral rotation of neck and head

Bilateral - flexion of neck and extension of head

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42
Q

Occipital neuralgia

A

Chronic pain of upper neck and/or occiput

Lesser occipital nerve can be cause of/contributor to symptoms

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43
Q

Ansa cervicalis supplies:

A

Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Omohyoid

(All infrahyoid muscles EXCEPT thyrohyoid. Semi-unrelated, but note: Thyrohyoid innervation like Geniohyoid innervation… C1 via hypoglossal nerve)

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44
Q

Ansa cervicalis has two roots/rami:

A

Ventral primary rami of C1, C2, C3

Superior root - C1 fibers | descending hypoglossal ramus of ansa cervicalis

Inferior root - C2, C3 fibers | descending cervical ramus of ansa cervicalis

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45
Q

Phrenic nerve is fibers from:

A

Ventral primary rami of C3, C4, C5

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46
Q

Phren means

A

Diaphragm

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47
Q

Phrenic Nerve is motor fibers to ___ and sensory fibers to ___ and ___

A

Diaphragm;

Fibrous pericardium and mediastinal pleura

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48
Q

Segmental branches of cervical plexus supplies:

A

Scalene muscles and prevertebral muscles (deep muscles of anterior neck)

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49
Q

Hyoid bone landmarks:

A

Body
Greater cornua
Lesser cornua

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50
Q

Infrahyoid muscles used in:

A

Speech and swallowing

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51
Q

Name the four pairs of infrahyoid muscles

A

Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Omohyoid
Thyrohyoid

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52
Q

Sternohyoid Origin

A

O: Manubrium

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53
Q

Sternohyoid Insertion

A

I: Body of hyoid

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54
Q

Sternohyoid Action

A

A: depresses hyoid

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55
Q

All infrahyoid muscles (except 1) are innervated by:

Name the exception:

A

N: Ansa cervicalis (C1, C2, C3)

EXCEPT: thyrohyoid

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56
Q

Thyrohyoid Innervation

A

N: C1 (hitchhike with hypoglossal nerve)

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57
Q

Sternothyroid Origin

A

O: manubrium

58
Q

Sternothyroid Insertion

A

I: Thyroid cartilage

59
Q

Sternothyroid Action

A

A: depresses thyroid cartilage

60
Q

Omohyoid Origin

A

O: scapula (superior border)

61
Q

Omohyoid Insertion

A

I: body of hyoid

62
Q

Omohyoid Action

A

A: depresses hyoid

63
Q

Thyrohyoid Origin

A

O: Thyroid cartilage

64
Q

Omohyoid Insertion

A

I: greater cornu of hyoid

65
Q

Omohyoid Action

A

A: depresses hyoid, elevates thyroid cartilage

66
Q

Name the four pairs of suprahyoid muscles

A

Digastric
Stylohyoid
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid

67
Q

Muscle that helps form the floor of the oral cavity:

A

Mylohyoid

68
Q

Digastric Origin

  1. anterior belly
  2. posterior belly
A

O:

  1. inner mandible (near symphysis
  2. mastoid process
69
Q

Digastric Insertion

  1. anterior belly
  2. posterior belly
A

I: Intermediate tendon held by tendinous sling to hyoid (both)

70
Q

Digastric Action

  1. anterior belly
  2. posterior belly
A

A: protracts, retracts, elevates hyoid; assists in depressing mandible (both)

71
Q

Digastric Innervation

  1. anterior belly
  2. posterior belly
A

N:

  1. Trigeminal nerve
  2. Facial nerve
72
Q

Stylohyoid Origin

A

O: styloid process

73
Q

Stylohyoid Insertion

A

I: Hyoid

74
Q

Stylohyoid Action

A

A: elevates and retracts hyoid

75
Q

Stylohyoid Innervation

A

N: Facial nerve

76
Q

Mylohyoid Origin

A

O: body of mandible (inner surface)

77
Q

Mylohyoid Insertion

A

I: median raphe and hyoid bone

78
Q

Mylohyoid Action

A

A: elevates hyoid and floor of oral cavity

79
Q

Mylohyoid Innervation

A

N: trigeminal nerve

80
Q

Geniohyoid Origin

A

O: inner mandible (near symphysis)

81
Q

Geniohyoid Insertion

A

I: Hyoid

82
Q

Geniohyoid Action

A

A: elevates and protracts hyoid

83
Q

Geniohyoid Innervation

A

I: C1 (via hypoglossal nerve)

84
Q

Name the Scalene Muscles

A

Muscles of lateral neck

Anterior scalene
Middle scalene
Posterior scalene
Scalenus minimus (if present)

85
Q

Anterior Scalene Origin

A

O: transverse processes of C3-C6

86
Q

All Scalene Muscles (except 1) have a common Insertion point:

Name exception:

A

I: 1st rib

EXCEPT: Posterior scalene

87
Q

Posterior Scalene Insertion

A

I: 2nd rib

88
Q

Cornu means

A

Horn

89
Q

All Scalene muscles (except 1) have a common Action:

Name exception:

A

A: elevates 1st rib, ipsilateral flexion of neck

EXCEPT: Posterior Scalene

90
Q

Posterior Scalene Origin

A

O: TPs of C4-C6

91
Q

Scalenus Minimus Origin

A

O: TP of C6 or C7

92
Q

All Scalene muscles are innervated by:

A

N: lower cervical ventral primary rami

93
Q

Borders of interscalene triangle (scalene hiatus)

A

First rib
Anterior scalene muscle
Middle scalene muscle

94
Q

Structures associated with interscalene triangle to pass to upper limb

A

Subclavian artery (subclavian vein enters neck anterior to the anterior scalene)

Roots of brachial plexus (C5-T1 ventral primary rami)

95
Q

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

A

Brachial plexus or subclavian artery are subject to compressive injuries at the interscalene triangle leading to neurovascular problems of upper extremity

97
Q

Name the prevertebral muscles

A

Longus colli
Longus capitis
Rectus capitis anterior
Rectus capitis lateralis

98
Q

Longus Colli Origin

A

O: TPs and bodies of C3-T3

99
Q

Longus Colli Insertion

A

I: TPs and bodies of C1-C6

100
Q

Longus Colli Action

A

A: flexion and rotation of neck

101
Q

Longus Colli Innervation

A

N: C2-C7 ventral primary rami

102
Q

Longus Capitis Origin

A

O: TPs of C3-C6

103
Q

Name two prevertebral muscles with common Insertion and common action

A

Longus Capitis

Rectus Capitis Anterior

104
Q

Longus Capitis and Rectus Capitis Anterior Common Insertion

A

Occiput (basilar part)

105
Q

Longus Capitis and Rectus Capitis Anterior common action

A

A: flexion of head

106
Q

Longus Capitis Innervation

A

N: C1-C3 ventral primary rami

107
Q

Rectus Capitis Anterior Origin

A

O: TP of C1 and lateral mass

108
Q

Name the two prevertebral muscles with common innervation

A

Rectus Capitis Anterior

Rectus Capitis Lateralis

109
Q

Rectus Capitis Anterior and Rectus Capitis Lateralis innervation

A

N: C1-C2 ventral primary rami

110
Q

Rectus Capitis Lateralis Origin

A

O: TP of C1

111
Q

Rectus Capitis Lateralis Insertion

A

I: Occiput (jugular process)

112
Q

Rectus Capitis Lateralis Action

A

A: ipsilateral flexion of head

113
Q

What does the deep cervical fascia do?

A

Surrounds muscles and organs of neck, longitudinally compartmentalizes neck, provides support to and permits independent movement of structures of neck

114
Q

Three layers of deep cervical fascia

A

Superficial layer
Pretracheal layer
Prevertebral layer

115
Q

Superficial layer attachments

A

Clavicle, hyoid, occiput, mandible, spinous processes of cervical vertebrae and nuchal ligament

116
Q

Pretracheal layer surrounds:

A 
Thyroid gland
Trachea
Esophagus
Pharynx
Larynx
117
Q

Prevertebral layer surrounds

A

Cervical spine
Deep muscles of posterior neck
Deep muscles of the anterior neck

118
Q

All three Deep Cervical Facial layers form the:

A

Carotid sheath

119
Q

Middle Scalene Origin

A

O: TPs of C2-C7

120
Q

What two muscles are Innervation by C1 via hypoglossal nerve?

A

Geniohyoid

Thyrohyoid

121
Q

Names of 2 deep arteries of the neck

A

Common carotid artery

Internal carotid artery

122
Q

The common carotid artery has a bulge called

A

Carotid sinus

123
Q

The carotid sinus is this kind of receptor:

A

Baroreceptor, detects changes in blood pressure

124
Q

This is the name of another thing located near the carotid bifurcation:

A

Carotid body

125
Q

The carotid body is this kind of receptor:

A

Chemoreceptor

126
Q

The carotid sinus and carotid body are inner ate delicious by the sinus branch of:

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

127
Q

From the carotid bifurcation, this artery travels deeply and superior to the base of the skull and has no defined branches in the neck

A

Internal carotid artery

128
Q

What is ischemic stroke?

A

Result of an embolus due to atherosclerosis.

129
Q

Where is a common place for an occlusion to happen? (Ischemic stroke)

A

Internal carotid artery

130
Q

Name the 8 major branches of external carotid artery

A 
Superior thyroid artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Lingual artery
Facial artery
Occipital artery
Posterior auricular artery
Maxillary artery
Superficial temporal artery
131
Q

What is giant cell arthritis?

A

Inflammatory disease of blood vessels. Especially branches of external carotid artery.

132
Q

4 major branches of subclavian artery

A

Internal thoracic trunk
Vertebral artery trunk
Thyrocervical trunk
Costocervical trunk

133
Q

What is the path of the internal thoracic artery?

A

Descends into the thorax along the internal surface of the thoracic wall.

134
Q

What does the internal thoracic artery do?

A

Supplies the anterior wall of the thorax

135
Q

What is the path of the vertebral artery?

A

Ascends and enters transfers foramen fo C6, sends branches to deep neck structures, spinal nerves and spinal cord

136
Q

What does the vertebral artery become?

A

One of the major arteries to the brain

137
Q

Name the 4 branches of thyrocervical trunk

A

Inferior thyroid artery
Ascending cervical artery
Transverse cervical artery (may have 2 branches)
Costocervical trunk

138
Q

What does the inferior thyroid artery supply?

A

Thyroid, esophagus, larynx, trachea

139
Q

What general structures does the ascending cervical artery supply?

A

Deep anterior and lateral cervical region

140
Q

Superficial transverse cervical artery supplies:

A

Trapezius m.

141
Q

Deep transverse cervical artery (present in ~30%) supplies:

A

Rhomboid major and minor AND levator scapulae m.

NOTE: called dorsal scapular a. if origin is from subclavian a.

142
Q

What muscles does suprascapular artery supply?

A

Supraspinatus and infraspinatus m.

143
Q

The costocervical trunk has 2 branches (also, name what they supply):

A

Deep cervical branch supplies deep posterior neck structures

Superior intercostal branch supplies superior thorax

Gross Anatomy II (22 decks)

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